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PLAY THERAPY: EFFECTS AS EFFORTS TO REDUCE ANXIETY IN CHILDREN PRESCHOOL HOSPITALIZATION
By: Mardiani Bebasari Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Padang
e-mail:mardiani_pdgyahoo.com, cp: 085319107956
ABSTRACT
Hospitalization is a process, which for some reason requires both emergency and planned hospital stay children for therapy and treatment to repatriation back home.
The process of hospitalization in preschool children will be very serious. Hospitalizations make children lose control of himself. During the process of hospitalization
of children and parents can experience some experience very traumatic and filled with anxiety, this is a negative impact on children.
The negative impact of the effects of hospitalization greatly affect the care and treatment efforts being undertaken child. Reactions among children are raised with the other
one will be different. Children who have experienced hospitalization will show different reactions when compared to children treated for the first time. Children who had been treated
at the hospital has had the experience of existing activities in the hospital, this is likely to impact on the level of anxiety experienced. While the children are being treated for the first
time may experience higher anxiety. In these circumstances an action is required that can reduce the level of anxiety.
One effort that can be done to reduce anxiety is through play therapy. Play is one of the natural means of communication for children. Play is the foundation of education and
therapeutic applications that require the development of early childhood education. Play can be healthy or sick children. Although the child is experiencing pain, but still need to play
there.
Keywords: preschool children, the effects of hospitalization, play therapy
A. Background
Children are budding, potential, and the younger generation successor to the ideals of the struggle of the nation, has a strategic role and have the characteristics and special
properties that ensure the continued existence of the nation and of the future. Therefore he needs to get the widest possible opportunity to grow and develop optimally both physically,
mentally, and socially as well as noble, as well as protection for the welfare of the child.
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Children who are ill or in need of examination and hospitalization can be interrupted welfare. Hospitalization is a process that for some reason or emergency plans, require the
child to stay in the hospital undergoing treatment and care to return back home. During the process of children and parents can experience a variety of events that in the opinion of some
researchers demonstrated with a very traumatic experience and full of stress.
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Feelings that often arise in children are anxiety, anger, sadness, fear, and guilt.
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The feeling can arise in the face of something new and has never experienced before, insecurity
and discomfort, feelings of loss of something that happened and something that feels painful. If the childs stress during the treatment, the parents become too stressful, and stress parents
will make childrens stress levels increase.
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Hospitalization in children can cause anxiety and stress at all age levels. The cause of anxiety is influenced by many factors, including health workers, new environments, as well as
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accompanying family environment during treatment. Anxiety is a signal that awakened and warned of the danger that threatens and allow someone to take action to address the threat.
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Various clinical manifestations of anxiety that children: 1.
Physiological increased pulse rate, increased blood pressure, increased frequency of breath, diaphoresis, trembling voice pitch changes, trembling, palpitations, nausea vomiting,
frequent urination, diarrhea, fear, insomnia, kelahan and weakness, anger pale in face, dry mouth, body aches and pains, anxiety, fainting dizziness, feeling of heat and cold.
2. Emotional, people feel fear, helplessness, nervousness, loss of confidence, loss of control,
tense, not relaxed, the tension of anticipation individuals show sensitive excitatory impatient, angry burst, crying, tend to blame others, shocked reaction, self-critical himself
others, withdrawal, and lack of initiative.
3. Cognitive, inability to concentrate, lack of environmental orientation, forgetfulness,
pensive, orientation in the past from the present and the future, mind block, and excessive attention.
Efforts to minimize anxiety in children who experienced a hospitalization can be done in a way to prevent or reduce the impact of separation, preventing the feeling of loss of
control, and reduce or minimize the fear of injury and pain. Efforts should be made to minimize anxiety in children one of them through play.
Playing as an activity that can be done as an effort to stimulate childrens growth and development, while playing on a sick child in the hospital becomes a medium for children to
express their feelings, relaxation, and distraction feeling uncomfortable.
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Play activities carried out voluntarily to gain pleasure or satisfaction. Playing a reflection of physical, intellectual, emotional and social. Playing a good medium for learning
because the childrens play will speak communicate, learn to adapt to the environment, doing what he could do with knowing the time, distance, as well as voice.
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Playing a flurry of children, just like working for an adult, it is voluntary to obtain pleasure.
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B. THE CONCEPT OF PLAY
