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6. ETNOZOOLOGI MASYARAKAT TENGGER DI BROMO
TENGGER SEMERU JAWA TIMUR
Abstrak
Penelitian Etnozologi masyarakat Tengger di Bromo Tengger Semeru Jawa Timur mengungkapkan sistem pengetahuan tentang pemanfaatan, pengelolaan hewan
berpotensi dan pelestarian lingkungan oleh masyarakat Tengger. Dalam penelitian ini juga digambarkan interaksi antara masyarakat dan lingkungannya dalam aspek
praktek, persepsi, serta representasinya. Pengumpulan data menggunakan survei exploratif yang meliputi inventarisasi jenis hewan di kandang, lingkungan rumah,
tegalan, wilayah konservasi hutan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru TNBTS, Perhutani. Data ditampilkan sebagai nama lokal dan nama ilmiah.
Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan teknik ethnodirect sampling melalui wawancara langsung, semi struktural terhadap penduduk, pemangku adat dan dukun, serta
dengan pendekatan bersifat partisipasif participatory ethnobotanical appraisal, PEA. Pemanfaatan hewan oleh masyarakat Tengger sangat penting dalam
mendukung ekonomi, sebagai bahan pangan, ritual, transportasi, pariwisata. Pengetahuan keanekaragaman satwa liar dan hewan yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat
Tengger sangat bagus, meliputi 120 jenis meliputi Aves 64 jenis, Mamalia 32 jenis, Reptilia 9 jenis, Diptera 3 jenis, 2 Decapoda, 1 Arachnidae, 1 Orthoptera, 1
Hypnoptera dan Pisces 6 jenis.
Kata Kunci: Etnozoologi, masyarakat Tengger.
Abstract
The Ethnozoological research of Tengger society in Bromo Tengger Semeru East Java revealed the knowledge system of Tengger community on the use of the
potential animals and the environment conservation. This research also described the interaction between people and their environment in the aspects of social, practical,
perception and representation of the society. The research was conducted using the explorative survey to record the number, identity, and the benefit of the animals in
cage, and surround their houses, field, conservation area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park TNBTS, and Perhutani. Sample was collected using ethnodirect
sampling methods including direct and semi structural interview to ordinary people, traditionally leaders and shaman. The collected data were supported by participatory
approach or participatory ethnobotanical appraisal PEA. For Tengger people, various animals have an economic value, and can be used for food, ritual,
transportation, and the object for tourism. The indigenous knowledge on wild animals and the useful animals were very good. Tengger people distinguished 120
species consisted of 64 species of Aves, 32 species of Mammals, 9 species of Reptilia, 3 species of Diptera, 2 species of Decapoda, 1 species of Arachnidae, 1
species of Orthoptera, 1 species of Hypnoptera and 6 species of Pisces.
Keywords: Ethnozoology, Tengger society.
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