iv 5.1.4. Diferensiasi Produk Minyak Sawit Malaysia ···········
161 5.1.5. Diversifikasi Pasar ·················································
162 5.2. Analisis Perilaku Industri Sawit Malaysia ························· 167
5.2.1. Lokasi Perkebunan, Pabrik, dan Pergudangan minyak Sawit Malaysia ···········································
170 5.2.2. Penelitian dan Pengembangan ······························
174 5.2.3. Regulasi Investasi ··················································
177 5.2.4. Kegiatan Promosi dan Advertensi ··························
180 5.2. Kesimpulan ·····································································
181
VI. STRATEGI KEBIJAKAN PADA INDUSTRI SAWIT MALAYSIA
6.1. Perkembangan Industri Sawit Malaysia ···························· 184
6.1.1. Strategi Kebijakan Periode 1960-1980 ·················· 184
6.1.2. Strategi Kebijakan Periode 1980-2000 ·················· 186
6.1.3. Strategi Kebijakan Periode 2000-2020 ·················· 191
6.2. Strategi dan Implikasi ······················································· 196
6.2.1. Strategi Pengembangan Pasar ····························· 197
6.2.2. Strategi Pengembangan Teknologi ························ 199
6.2.3 Strategi Pengembangan Sumber Daya ················· 201
6.3. Strategi Kebebasan Investasi bagi Perusahaan Agribisnis 201
6.4. Skala Operasi ··································································· 201
6.5. Inovasi Minyak Sawit dan Produk Sampingannya ············ 202
6.6. Komersialisasi Riset dan Pengembangan ························ 203
6.7. Bebas Modifikasi Genetika dan Bebas Lemak Trans ······· 204
6.8. Strategi Global di industri Hulu dan Hilir ··························· 204
6.9. Penggunaan Teknologi sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Pasar Minyak Sawit Malaysia ···········································
205 6.10. Koordinasi Vertikal dan Integrasi Vertikal ························
209 6.11. Kesimpulan ···································································
210
VII. KINERJA INDUSTRI SAWIT MALAYSIA
7.1. Kinerja Pasar Industri Minyak Sawit dan Produk Sawit Malaysia ············································································
214 7.2. Kinerja Ekspor Industri Minyak Sawit dan Produk Sawit
Malaysia ············································································ 217
v 7.3. Peranan Pemerintah dalam Pengembangan Pasar Sawit
Malaysia ············································································ 218
7.4. Pengembangan Pasar Sawit Malaysia di Pasar Dunia ···· 226
7.5. Kesimpulan ····································································· 226
VIII. STRUKTUR, PERILAKU DAN KINERJA INDUSTRI SAWIT MALAYSIA DAN INDONESIA
8.1. Model SCP Industri Sawit Malaysia ·································· 228
8.1.1. Produktivitas Industri Perkebunan Sawit Malaysia 231
8.1.2. Industri Hilir Produk Sawit Malaysia………………. 232 8.1.3. Tingkat Kesejahteraan Petani Malaysia dan
Indonesia……………………………………………… 234
8.2. Kebijakan yang berkembang pada Industri Sawit Malaysia 235
8.3. Analisis Ekonometrika SCP Industri Sawit Malaysia ········· 237
8.3.1. Hasil Estimasi Model Regresi ..…………………….. 238
8.3.2. Hipotesa Analisis Ekonometrika Industri Sawit Malaysia ………………………………………………. 239
8.3.3. Hasil Pengujian Regresi….…………………………. 240
8.4. Model SCP Industri Sawit Indonesia ································· 243
8.4.1. Produktivitas Industri Perkebunan Sawit Indonesia. 245 8.4.2. Perkembangan Produksi Sawit Indonesia ·············
250
8.4.3. Perkembangan Ekspor CPO Indonesia…………... 254
8.5. Analisis Deskriptif Industri Sawit Indonesia ······················ 257
8.5.1. Tingkat Konsentrasi Industri………………………… 261
8.5.2. Minimum Efficiency of Scale –MES……………….… 264 8.5.3. Perilaku Industri Kelapa Sawit Indonesia………….. 266
8.5.4. Kinerja Industri Sawit Indonesia............................... 274 8.5.5. Kontribusi Kelapa Sawit pada Perekonomian
Indonesia……………………………………………… 278 8.6. Analisis Ekonometrika SCP Industri Sawit Indonesia ·······
282
8.7. Hasil Estimasi Model………………………………………. 283
vi
IX. IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN BAGI PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI SAWIT INDONESIA
