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bahwa mereka puas dengan isi materi yang relevan, menilai tenaga penyuluh kompeten dalam menyampaikan materi, dan menilai bahwa penyelenggaraan penyuluhan berjalan dengan lancar.
4. Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa para lanjut usia masih sangat memerlukan kegiatan atau aktivitas-aktivitas yang bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan
kemampuan kognitif maupun kemampuan isik atau motorik. Agar kemampuan kognitif dan motorik individu pada usia lanjut memadai, sebaiknya meningkatkan aktivitas yang dapat meningkatkan
kemampuan kognitif seperti membaca, mengisi teka-teki silang TTS, meningkatkan interaksi dengan teman sebaya, melakukan senam kuat otot pada waktu tertentu atau waktu luang secara
rutin.
5. Ucapan Terima Kasih
1. Kepada seluruh mahasiswa angkatan 2010 peserta mata kuliah pilihan Gerontologi. 2. Kepada para lansia dan pengurus di Kelompok Lansia Werdatama Banjar Sengguan-Pasekan
Sading Badung 3. Kepada para lansia dan pengurus di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wana Seraya Gianyar.
6. Daftar Pustaka
[1] Suardiman, Siti Partini. 2011. Psikologi Usia Lanjut. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University
Press. [2] Papalia, D. E., Stern, H.L., Feldman, R. D., Camp, C. J. 2007. Adult Development and Aging.
Third Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. [3] Lubis, Dewi Rahmadani. 2008. Pengaruh Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok: Sosialisasi terhadap
Kemampuan Sosialisasi Pasien Isolasi Sosial di Ruang Kamboja Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara Medan. Universitas Sumatera Utara.
[4] Ghoer, Fariha Salma. 2012. Pembinaan Kemandirian Lansia Melalui Terapi Modalitas; Salah Satu Konteks Pendidikan Non-Formal di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha PSTW. Universitas
Pendidikan Indonesia. [5] Kirkpatrik, J.D., Kirkpatrik, W.K. 2010. Training on Trial:How Workplace Training Must
Reinvent Itself to Remain Relevant. USA: AMA. [6] Aiken, L. R. 1995. Aging: An Introduction to Gerontology. California: Sage Publication,
Inc. [7] Wade, Carole Tavris, Carol. 2007. Psikologi Edisi Kesembilan. Jilid I. Jakarta: Erlangga.
[8] Papalia, D. E., Olds, S.W., Feldman, R.D. 2004. Human Development. 9
th
ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Correlation Between Protein 53 To Morphological Grading Of Cervical Cancer With Human Papillomavirus Types 16 And 18 Infections
Ketut Suwiyoga
1 1
Medical Faculty Udayana University Denpasar Indonesian E-mail : labobginindosat.net.id
Abstract Objective : To determine the correlation between to the of cervical cancer with HPV types 16 and 18 infections.
Methods : A cross sectional study was performed at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and Pathology Department at Medical Faculty Udayana University and Biomedical Research Unit Mataram Hospital Lombok.
The diagnosis of cervical cancer based on the histopathological examination and DNA HPV HPV types 16 and 18 infections detected polymerase chain reaction and p53 by immunohistochemical peroxides technique. The data
were analyzed by SPSS 10,0 for windows to ind out the correlation p53 to the Borders grading. Results : A total of 100 samples were divided in two groups consist of 50 case of cervical cancer as a cases and 50
case of non cervical cancer as a controls. The prevalence of HPV infection in cases and controls were 84.0 and 56.0 which consist of 78.0 and 36.0 HPV types 16 and 18. The prevalence of p53 in cases and controls were
52.0 and 16.0, respectively. The study found that the risk of cervical cancer in HPV types 16 and 18 infections was 6 times more than without HPV infection. The risk of expressions of the p53 in HPV types 16 and 18 infections
were 6 times more than without HPV infection. The risk of cervical cancer for p53 positive were 5.5 times than p53 negative.
Conclusion : Based on the result of this study, it is concluded that HPV types 16 and 18 infections are the major risk factors of cervical cancer and one of its carcinogenesis mechanism through the increasing of p53.
Keywords : HPV types 16 and 18, p53, cervical cancer 1. Introduction
Cervical cancer is the most frequent cause of death to women malignancy [1,2]. In the year 2000, the incidence of cervical cancer over the world was predicted 1,500,000 every year and 75
of them were in the developing countries. In the developed countries, the incidence of cervical cancer is number two after mammary carcinoma [2,3]. Vice versa in Indonesia, the incidence of
cervical cancer was number one and relatively stable for last three decades [1,3]. Meanwhile, the
ive years survival rate is around 20 [4,5] related to late stadium even terminal when diagnosed
was performed. Behind it, general condition, low social economical status, geography, demography and lack of human resources and facilities also contributed to the prognosis, it worsens [1,5,6].
Many efforts to diminish the incidence and getting better prognosis of cervical cancer using early diagnosed and some modalities of the therapy
1,7, 8
but the results are not satisied so far [8,9]. It may be caused by lacking of understanding of the cervical cancer risk factors and its carcinogenesis
mechanism. Human papillomavirus HPV high risk group types 16 and 18 were suspected to play the main role [10,11] and spread over worldwide [12,13]. Meanwhile, protein 53 p53 probably
played the role in carcinogenesis mechanism [14,15,16]. Based on multihits and multistage in
general the principle of carcinogenesis that the involvement of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and repair genes [15,17] are studied in this research. The degradation of p53 function in cervical
cancer with HPV infection mostly related to p53-E6 complex [16,18] and small amount of p53 mutant [19, 20]. The p53-E6 complex was stable so it can be detected by immunohistochemical
technique. In this research, the variables of cervical cancer studied are HPV, HPV type 16, HPV
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type 18, and p53. The objective of this study is to know the role of p53 in carcinogenesis of cervical cancer with
HPV types 16 and 18 infections. The speciic objectives were: 1.
To know the risk of cervical cancer in case with HPV types 16 and 18 infections compare to the case without HPV infection.
2. To know the risk p53 expression in the case with HPV types 16 and 18 infections were higher
than the case without HPV infection. 3. To know the risk of cervical cancer in the case with p53 expression higher than that case with
out p53 expression. The results of this study may be used for vaccine selection and to elucidate the carcinogenesis
mechanism. Furthermore, it can be used for early diagnosis, gene therapy, prognostic of cervical cancer on biology molecular technique.
2. The Concept Design and Research Hypothesis The Concept Design
