136 137
major contribution of VAM infection Gautam Shrestha, 2009 ; Kumar et al., 2002. The VAM colonization increased initially up to 45 days but decreased thereafter. The positive mycorrhizal
response at early seedling stage, may be due to the increase in root development. Bhattacharya et al. 2000, working on the arbuscular mycorrhizal dependence of Eucalyptus
tereticornis, found both negative and positive response of VAM fungi inoculation and concluded that E. tereticornis may not be an arbuscular mycorrhizadependent plant at early developmental
stage, although it is infected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi freely, improving its phosphorus acquisition eficiency in low phosphorus soil. Inluence of VAM fungi Glomus invermaium and
sheathing ECM ectomycorrhiza Descolea maculata on early growth of Eucalyptus globulus have been reported by De Olieviera et al. 1999a,b. Earlier studies by Kumar et al. 2002 and
Hazarika et al. 1999 also found Glomus mosseae inoculation to have maximum effect on the growth of chickpea plants. Rajeshwari et al. 2001 also reported that seedling growth and vigor of
casuarinas Casuarina equisetifolia raised in polybags was greater after inoculating nursery soil mixture with cultures of Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum,and that
Glomus fasciculatum
was more eficient. The production of large number of VAM fungi in soil-based innoculla could be attributed to
rapid sprouting from extracellular and intracellular hyphae in the soil and root inoculum. The root colonization by mycorrhiza was directly related to nutrient uptake by plants. The plants with highest
mycorrhizal root colonization had larger number of mycorrhizal spores in soil. Dodd and Thompson 1994 also observed the similar results while using the soil-based VAM inoculum. Shoot length
and fresh weight were more in 75 spores of Glomus sp-treated A. occidentale seedlings. According to Rani et al. 1999 recorder greater height and fresh weight in plant species treated Glomus sp, it
is likely that Glomus species produce growth hormones which result in better growth of the shoots Rani et al. 1999. Thus, VAM fungi of Glomus sp have a potential for utilisation to produce high
quality seedlings of A. occidentale ensuring better survival and improved growth in the nurseries.
4. Conclussion
The usage of native VAM spores Glomus sp have signiicant role to the growth of Cashew
nut A.occidentale L. seedlings cultivated in Green house. The signiicant result on the 60 days of
cashew seedlings was 75 spore of VAM fungi combined with 20 grams of manure
5. Acknowledgements
Thanks to Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic Indonesia and University of Udayana Bali grant of Hibah Udayanan 2012 for providing
inancial support and extending essential facilities to carry out this research work.
6. References
[1] Al-Zalzaleh, Hani , A. Majid, Anu Ray Mathew, 2009. VAM Inoculation for Selected Ornamental Plants in Bioremediated and Agricultural Soils. European Journal of Scientiic
Research.254.559-566 [2]
Bagyaraj, D.J. 1992. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza: Application in agriculture. Methods in Microbiology. 24: 360-373.
[3] Bhattacharya, P.M., Misra, D., Saha, J. and Chaudhari, S. 2000. Arbuscular mycorrhizal dependency of Eucalyptus tereticornis
Sm.: How real is it? Mycorrhiza News 123: 11-15. [4] Brundrett, M., N. Bougher, B. Dell,. T. Grove, N. Malajczuk. 2008. working with
Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture. ACIAR Monograph 32. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra.
[5] Chalimah, S., Muhadiono, L. Aznam, S. Haran, N., Toruan-Mathius. 2007. Propagation of Gigaspora sp and Acaulospora by pot culture in green house. Biodiversitas. 7412-19.
[6] Danesh, Y.R.; E.M. Goltapeh; A. Alizadek; A. Varma and K.G. Mukerjii. 2007. Arbuscular- Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Alfalfa Rhizosphere in Iran. American-Eurasian J. Agric.
Environ. Sci. 25: 574-580 [7] De Olieviera, V.L., Thomson, B.D. and Last, F.T. 1998-1999a. Eucalypt seedlings and their
mycorrhizas: components of growth and some aspects of root eficiency. Kavaka 26 27: 71-80.
[8] De Olieviera, V.L., Thomson, B.D. and Last, F.T. 1998-1999b. Eucalypt seedlings and their mycorrhizas: the early stages of development after substrate inoculations with arbuscular and
or sheathing ectomycorrhizal fungi. Kavaka 26 27: 81-89. [9] Dodd, J.C. and Thompson, B.D. 1994. The screening and selection of inoculant arbuscular
mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi. pages 149-158, In: Robson, A.D., Abott, L.K. and Malajczuk, N. Editors
[10] Douds Jr., D.D., G. Nagahashi, P.R. Hepperly. 2010. On-farm production of inoculum of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and assessment of diluent of compost for inoculum
production.. Bioresource Technology 101. 2326-2330
[11] Gautam Shrestha, Geeta Shrestha Vaidya and Binayak P. Rajbhandari1, 2009. Effects of
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in the Productivity of Maize and Fingermillet Relay Cropping System. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 10. 51-55
[12] Gill, T.S., Singh, R.S. and Kaur, J. 2002. Comparison of four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for root colonization, spore population and plant growth response in chickpea. Indian
Phytopathology 552:210-213. [13] Giovannetti, M. and Sbrana, C. 1998. Meeting a non-host: The behaviour of AM fungi.
Mycorrhiza 83: 123-130. [14] Kumar, R., Jalali, B.L. Chand, H. 2002. Inluence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
on growth and nutrient uptake in chickpea. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 32 1: 11-15.
[15] Lapeyrie, F.F. and Chilvers, G.A. 1985. An endomycorrhiza-ectomycorrhiza succession associated with enhanced growth by Eucalyptus dumosa seedlings planted in calcareous soils.
The New Phytologist. 1001: 93-104. [16] Rajeshwari, E., Latha, T.K.S., Vanangamudi, K., Selvan, K.A. and Narayanan, R. 2001. Effect
of arbuscular mycorrhizal and phosphorus on seedling growth of Casuarina equisetifolia. Indian Phytopathalogy 541: 85-87.
[17] Rani, P., Aggarwal, A. and Mehrotra, R.S. 1999. Growth responses in Acacia nilotica inoculated with VAM fungi Glomus mosseae, Rhizobium species and Trichoderma harzianum. Indian
Phytopathology 522: 151-153.
138 139
Bentuk-Bentuk Peraturan Gubernur Di Provinsi Bali
Ni Luh Gede Astariyani
1 1
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana E-mail : Astariyani99yahoo.com
Abstrak
This scientiic work entitled “Forms of Governor Rule in the province of Bali” discusses the two 2 main topics, namely: 1 What does “carry” and “the power” in the sense that there are strict orders to make regulations
implementing or without irm orders yet substance requires implementing regulations?, and 2 Does the Governor Regulation as a form of law enforcement and the power of legislation can be categorized legislation or regulatory
policies?. Discussion conducted using legal research methods, in the sense bersumberkan on legal materials and
analyzed by using tools of legal analysis. Discussion to a conclusion. First, the meaning of “implement” and “the power” can mean a strict order to make the implementation of the regulations or orders without expressly require
implementing regulations but substance. Second, the Governor Rule as a form of execution of the power of local regulations and legislation are higher, which in the local regulations and the legislation is concerned the command
speciied explicitly regulate the delegation of authority to the governor legislation, the regulatory the governor appeared in the igure of the legislation. Regulation governor may also appear in the igure of regulatory policy,
the governor rule is a rule made by the oficials of the state administration by the use FreiesErmessen without constituted by the delegation of the authority to regulate.
Keywords: Regulation of the Governor, Governor.
I. Pendahuluan 1. Latar belakang.
Kewenangan delegasi
delegatie van wetgevingsbevoegdheid adalah pelimpahan kewenangan membentuk peraturan perundang-undangan yang dilakukan oleh peraturan
perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi kepada peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih rendah. Pasal 146 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor. 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintahan
Daerah, mengatur bahwa untuk melaksanakan Perda dan atas kuasa peraturan perundang- undangan, Kepala Daerah menetapkan peraturan Kepala Daerah dan atau Keputusan Kepala
Daerah.
Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang- undangan selanjutnya disebut Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 , dikenal dua kelompok
peraturan perundang-undangan.Yang pertama adalah peraturan perundang-undangan di dalam hierarkhi sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 7 ayat 1 antara lain : a. Undang-Undang Dasar
Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 ; b. Ketetapan Majelis permusyawatan Rakyat ; c. Undang- UndangPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang ;d. Peraturan Pemerintah ; e.
Peraturan Presiden ; f. Peraturan Daerah Provinsi; dan g.Peraturan Daerah KabupatenKota. Pasal 8 ayat 2 yang mengatur bahwa Peraturan perundang-undangan sebagaimana dimaksud
pada ayat 1, diakui keberadaannya sepanjang diperintahkan oleh peraturan perundang- undangan yang lebih tinggi atau dibentuk berdasarkan kewenangan. Tolak ukur diakuinya
keberadaan peraturan perundang-undangan di luar hierarkhi sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 8 ayat 2 adalah “sepanjang diperintahkan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi
atau dibentuk berdasarkan kewenangan “. Tanpa adanya perintah tersebut, maka peraturan- peraturan itu tidak dapat diakui sebagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang karenanya tidak
dapat mengikat secara umum. Peraturan-peraturan tersebut di dalam teori perundang-undangan dapat dikategorikan Peraturan Kebijakan Beleidsregel, Policy rule, atau Pseduwetgeving [1].
Penggunaan kata “melaksanakan“ dalam Pasal 146 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 mempunyai makna ada perintah tegas atau tanpa perintah tegas namun substansi
memerlukan peraturan pelaksanaan. Kata “atas kuasa” dalam Pasal 146 ayat 1 mempunyai makna kewenangan atas sesuatu atau untuk menentukan, dalam konteks ini menunjukkan
penjabaran lebih lanjut peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi, yang menentukan sebagai materi muatan Peraturan Daerah, maka harus terlebih dahulu diatur dalam Peraturan
Daerah.Memperhatikan kata “melaksanakan“ dan kata “atas kuasa” bermakna : a. Ketidakjelasan mengenai adanya perintah dari pasal tersebut akan memberikan peluang
bagi adanya Peraturan Gubernur yang dibentuk tanpa ada perintah, mengingat dalam pendelegasian kewenangan mengatur harus ada perintah sehingga jelas ruang lingkup
materi yang diatur dan jenis peraturannya; b. Ketidakjelasan dalam pasal tersebut berkaitan dengan materi muatan menyangkut
pelaksanaan otonomi daerah dan tugas pembantuan tidak dibenarkan didelegasikan, tetapi harus diatur sendiri dalam Peraturan Daerah, mengingat Peraturan Gubernur
merupakan peraturan perundang-undangan yang bersifat pendelegasian, artinya dalam Peraturan Gubernur tidak dimuat mengenai pokok-pokok yang baru, melainkan hanya
menyelenggarakan pokok-pokok yang telah diatur dalam Perda.
Menarik untuk dikaji dengan melihat ketentuan Pasal tersebut diatas menunjukkan ketidakjelasan atau kekaburan norma vague norm mengenai boleh tidaknya membuat
Peraturan Gubernur untuk melaksanakan Peraturan Daerah tanpa adanya ketentuan yang tegas menentukan pembuatan Peraturan Gubernur.
2. Rumusan Masalah.
