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An Experimental To Investigate The Effect Nozzle Angle An Position Of Water Turbine For Obtaining Highest Rotation
Lie Jasa
1
, IGA Raka Agung
1
, I Putu Ardana
1
, Ardyono Priyadi
2
and Mauridhi Hery Purnomo
2 1
Electrical Engineering Department,Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
2
Electrical Engineering Department, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia E-mail : liejasaunud.ac.id
Abstract
Water is a key issue for an alternative renewable energy source has environmentally friendly and very large potential to solve the world’s energy crisis. Water energy can be converted into mechanical energy by means a
micro-hydro turbine. Therefore, the speciic turbine is required to obtain the highest eficiency. This paper proposes the experimental to investigate the signiicant parameters for obtaining the highest eficiency turbine. These
parameters, angle and position nozzle, radius, blades and rotation, are investigated by conducting experiments using mini turbine models. The angle and position nozzle is adjustable to obtain the highest speed rotation of
turbine. The characteristics of the mini turbine model are explained as follows: outer radius is 0.5 m, inner radius is 0.4 m, width 0.12 m, the number of blades 32, volume 0.294 litre blades. The experiment result shows that the
highest rotation is obtained by 10 degrees for nozzle position and 35 degrees for incidence angle. The best position of nozzle at blades number 2 produces the speed of turbine 68.31666667 rpm.
Keywords : Nozzle, turbine, water wheel, energy
1. Introduction
The energy plays an important role for population in the world. The energy demand is signiicantly increases every year but the energy resource is limited and decreases especially conventional
energy. Hydropower is one of clean energy resources in the world. It is also the most reliable and effectively cost renewable energy resource among the others. Small hydropower schemes are getting
increasingly popular because of its simplicity design, ease in operation, and lower environment of heavy construction in comparison to large hydropower schemes[1]. Conventional highly eficient
low head hydraulic turbines, such as Kaplan, become economically unviable because of the large size of the turbine required for very low head installations, requirement of special low control
mechanism and the risk the impose on the ecology especially on ish, trash and sediment transport. [1],[2],[3].
Water wheel is a simple machine, cheap and has long been known in the community to generate the energy. Water wheels were used as a primary source of power in ancient times. Water wheels
are simple machines usually made of wood or steel with blades ixed at regular interval around their circumference. The blades are pushed by the water tangentially around the wheel. The thrust
produced by the water on the blades produces torque on the shaft and as result the wheel revolves. [1],[4],[5]. Four commonly used water wheels models are overshot, undershot, breast shot and
stream wheels. Overshot waterwheels are driven by potential energy created by the accumulated
water in the buckets of the wheel. Water lows at the top of the wheel and ills into the buckets attached on the periphery of the wheel.[1],[6],[7],[8],[9].
Research shows that turbine are technically and eficiency of 75-85 over a wide range of low. Slow speed of rotation and large sized cells of the water wheel reduce the risk to aquatic life
as well as allow better sediment transport and tolerance to loating debris.[1],[3]. Previous research on the turbine was intended to design micro-hydro turbines to produce electricity. In this present
study, the researcher uses a micro-hydro plant in the village of Gambuk, Pupuan, Tabanan, Bali- Indonesia as the initial model of the experiment [10],[11],[12]. In this paper proposed how to get the
maximum RPM of water wheels based on the inluenced of the position nozzle and the incidence nozzle.
2 The overshot water wheel model
2.1. Hydraulics power theory
