[p. 122] I have intended that the forms be received as they were given to me, which however imparts something
unsatisfactory about the list, especially where the Upper Mori dialects are concerned. It is inconceivable, for example, that the similar-sounding forms of Tambee and Ulu Uwoi, of which the first in the list have an i at the
beginning, the second not, are not used interchangeably in both dialects. Regarding certain forms it appears that they occur with or without da or dai,
74
and this applies naturally of others. More thorough knowledge of the dialects shall without doubt increase the number of possible variants, but at the same time simplify the list.
Derivations.
165. T
HE ENCLITIC FORMS OF
T
ABLE
2 S
ETS
I
AND
III. In various languages in the east of the Archipelago, there occur short, non-independent or enclitic forms of the pronouns, for example in Makasarese, Bugis, Sa’dan Toraja,
Sumbanese, Rotinese, Timorese, etc. They are absent in Pamona, but not in the closely related mountain languages, while in Kaili it is as in the Pamona area: these pronouns are absent in the coastal languages, but they are present in
the mountain languages. They thus form a common trait of the Kaili-Pamona mountain languages versus the lowland languages. Adriani and Kruyt 1914:122 give a list of the forms in the Kaili-Pamona mountain languages and in
Makasarese and Bugis, in which the third person singular forms in the latter two languages were erroneously omitted: Bugis has i, infrequently a Matthes 1875:179, Makasarese i or a Matthes 1858:61–62, 64–65,
corresponding to the forms which one finds back in Mori as i, e and o.
75
As appears from Karunsi’e, e originates from i, as here both forms still occur as variants of each other, e.g. umale’i or umalee ‘taking it’ stem ale ‘take’; i is
added with glottal, e without. Watu speakers say umale’e or umalee; speakers here thus use forms with and without glottal stop beside each other. No glottal stop is used with the attaching of o. The forms e i and o are completely
synonymous, as the occurrence of o and likewise e i in Watu-Karunsi’e depends only on the phonetic context: following a stem-final i or u one uses o, while following a, e, or o one has e, for example ku-kii-o 1
SG
-see-3
SG
‘I see it’, ro-nahu-o 3
PL
-cook-3
SG
‘they cook it’, ku-kaa-’e 1
SG
-eat-3
SG
‘I eat it’, ale-’eke-’e get-
APPL
-3
SG
‘take it for him’, ro-winso-e 3
PL
-enter-3
SG
‘they entered it in’ all Watu.
The Upper Mori forms ale-o ‘take it’, wawe-o ‘carry it’, kite-o ‘see it’ § 8 and -ake-o suffix -ako with the
third person singular enclitic pronoun, in which the origin of e from the original stem coda -a cannot be explained by any of the reasons mentioned in § 38 the nearness of the suffix -o would actually make one expect another sound
change, makes it very probable that o is a shortening of io, ia, or rather yet of yo, ya, from io, ia see the end of § 167. Also in Wolio, where the third person singular suffix is regularly a, in some cases it still occurs as ia
A. A. Cense:pers.comm..
76
The short second person singular pronoun is likewise ko in the Kaili mountain languages, Bugis and Makasarese, etc. It is not impossible that that of the first person also had once been in general use, but was gradually
replaced by aku. One still finds it at present only as an opaque element of the form -akune, that is, the suffix -ako followed by the
[p. 123] first person pronoun ne, compare Tawaelia ne, Napu na Adriani Kruyt 1914:111, 122.
In all probability -akune was earlier pronounced -akone ‘to me, for me, etc.’, but this latter was reformed to -akune when people no longer heard in ne a pronoun of the first person singular. The form -akune is absent in
Watu-Karunsi’e; the form ne in place of na is presumably then also Upper Mori compare § 38.
74
[Postscript, p. 122] The form da mentioned here is actually a separate particle not belonging with the form as such; see below § 168. This naturally does not apply to the i of dai.
75
[footnote 3, p. 122] The form o also occurs in Napu, namely as a fixed constituent of oto ‘it’ Ten Kate 1915:78, which must be formed from o and the particle to, the latter of which in Upper Mori, Watu and Karunsi’e takes the place of Tinompo,
etc. mo. In Padoe one need not construe oto as a compound suffix, as it can also be placed preceding the word to which it belongs, and thus makes its appearance as an independent word, e.g. lehea’oto = oto lehea ‘it is there already’. Compare also the
tables in § 192.
76
[footnote 1, p. 415] Compare also the shortening of the article io to o § 272. Makasarese has the article a, which in former times sounded ia.
Whether Mori ever did have enclitic forms of the plural pronouns is not certain. Indeed, something speaks in favor of assuming so, because the non-independent forms of the plural which correspond to the singular, enclitic
forms usually are independent in other languages. The forms kita ‘1
PLN
