A e Books 27 Esser Mead Phonology Mori

proper translation is nothing other than ‘ring and gold’, thus ‘ring of gold, ring composed of gold, gold ring’. Likewise: si’e-to mekaru masara rice.barn-1 PLN . POS PART :have.leg k.o.tree ‘our rice barn has legs made of masara wood’

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DJECTIVES WITH POSSESSIVE SUFFIXES . That an adjective, followed by a possessive pronoun, can have the meaning of a nexus-substantive ‘abstract’, and therefore must be translated with ‘my, etc. …-hood, …-ness, …-ship, etc.’, already appears above. 7 In addition, however, these constructions have another function, to be rendered with ‘I, etc. find it …, feel it to be …, have a … feeling about it’, or also, without indication of what causes the feeling, ‘I etc. have a … feeling’. Examples hereof are: moiko-ku ‘I find it, esteem it good, it is good by me, it is good in my opinion’ mosa’o-ku ‘I find it bad’, also ‘I am angry about it’ 8 motetewe-ku ‘I have an aversion to it’, compare motewe ‘bland, insipid’ Malay tawar, also said about something which one does not gladly see mahaki-ku ‘I feel pain, I feel myself sick, I feel grief, heartache, distress, etc.’ mo’o’au-no ‘he is touched, his heart is moved’ by music, for example mongkokolaro-no ‘he is sorry for it, he feels miserable, he feels distress’ e.g. over the death of a child, literally ‘he finds it pitiable, miserable’ or something similar, as mongkokolaro means ‘poor, deficient’ 9 mongkoko’undu-no ‘he feels compassion’, from mongkoko’undu ‘be in an unhappy state, look miserable’ 10 mo’o’anu-no-mo 11 ntu’u ashamed-3 SG . POS - PERF truly ‘he had a very ashamed feeling’ mo’o’anu-no-mo, mekule-o-mo i Datu i raha-no ashamed-3 SG . POS - PERF PART :return-3 SG - PERF PN Datu to house-3 SG . POS ‘Datu was ashamed and returned to his house’ monsisiri-no-mo i Bonti desirous-3 SG . POS - PERF PN Wild.Pig ‘Wild Pig was greedy for it’ tabulu molelea-mu whether hot-2 SG . POS ‘if you are angry over it’ compare molea ‘sharp, hot of taste’ 7 [footnote 1, p. 230] For similar formations with the suffix -a, see § 380 ff. 8 [from main text, p. 230] This can also be expressed as mosa’o aroa-ku a… bad insides-1 SG . POS at. 9 [from main text, p. 230] One can say to someone who is in a bad condition, whether through poverty, sickness or however: monngkokolaro-ko-po or kolaro-ko-po ‘you poor wretch’; mongkokolaroako is ‘have pity on’. 10 [from main text, p. 230] The expression mongngkoko’undu-ko-po or ko’undu-ko-po is the same as mongkokolaro-ko-po, etc.; see the preceding footnote. 11 [from main text, p. 230] Compare tedoa mo’o’anu ‘very ashamed’, as a regular adjective. to-lako-mo ari me’uho, ba mo’ahi-mu 1 PLN -go- PERF first PART :hunt.periwinkle if delicious-2 SG . POS koa muda uho just 2 SG . ADD periwinkle ‘let us go seek periwinkles, if you at least also find them delicious’ ba omami koa, hala-hala mami m-po-wala if 1 PLX . INDEP just useless 1 PLX . POS PL - TRI -cover bangka k[in]unsi atuu boat PASS :draw.close.together that ‘as far as we are concerned, we esteem it useless to provide a cover on such a well-closed boat’ [p. 231] These expressions also occur in Pamona, but there they serve only to indicate sensations, feelings—in general the frame of mind—of the subject, not opinions or interpretations. Since in Pamona most adjectives have a separate form for the nexus-substantive formed with the prefix ka-, in this language the two constructions are formally differentiated, and so stand next to each other, for example: kaeka-ku ‘my fear’ versus maeka-ku ‘I feel afraid’, konongo-nya ‘his miserliness’ versus manongo-nya ‘he is in a stingy mood’ not ‘he is stingy’, as a fixed characteristic cannot be expressed in this way. Can one not derive from this that these two constructions are also different in origin? Following the opinion of Dr. Adriani 1931:447, a form such as maekaku should stand for a virtual but never encountered as such kamaekaku ‘it is that I am afraid’, and thus is actually nothing other than an emphatic maeka yaku ‘I am afraid’. However, this explanation takes no account of the fact unmentioned by Adriani that these forms maekaku, etc. are only used to indicate a temporary feeling or a disposition which is present in the one concerned at the moment of which one speaks, and not for continuing, fixed, objective qualities. 12 For Mori it should be added that in this language opinions and considerations of the subject are also expressed by these forms, and there is a great difference between expressions such as moiko ira ‘they are good in other words, good-hearted’, and moikodo ‘they esteem it good’. It thus appears to me that the opinion expressed in Adriani’s Pamona grammar 1931 is unlikely. On the other hand, there is, in my opinion, no reason to suppose that the collocation of an adjective with a possessive suffix should be something original. The character of the prefix ma- Mori ma-, mo- resists against this, however one would explain this element. The possessive suffixes are always added to substantive derivations of verbs and adjectives, and where this appears not to be the case e.g. in Javanese mangané ‘his food’ nulisé ‘his writing’ and the such, or with the Mori adjectives, see § 249, in actuality one has to do with participle forms, respectively adjectives, which at the same time have taken over the function of nexus-substantives, and thus as such have replaced earlier forms of the latter e.g. with a p-prefix or with ka-. Although undoubtedly the above treated forms thus constitute a separate grammatical category and have a peculiar function, [p. 232] nevertheless there is also in my estimation— especially given the great role which substantive constructions play in Indonesian languages—no motive for separating them from the nexus-substantives. This should not be taken to mean that a form such as Pamona maekaku must go back to an older kaekaku, since it is very well possible at any rate that the use of ka- as a formative in substantive derivations of adjectives ‘abstracts’ is of relatively recent date. 13 It means only that a form such as Mori moikoku can best be considered as originally having the meaning, ‘it is my goodness’, ‘it is goodness with me’, and therefrom ‘it is good with me, it is good in my opinion’. Compare also § 218. For other meanings in which an adjective is encountered with a possessive suffix, see § 229 and 231. 12 [footnote 2, p. 231] An interpretation—mentioned by Adriani in a footnote 1931:447, but apparently abandoned by him—which explains maeka-ku as the result of contamination between maeka yaku and kaeka-ku, encounters this same objection. 13 [footnote 1, p. 232] For that matter, Pamona also has forms such as losemu ‘your laziness’, rosoku ‘my power’, etc., which were explained by Adriani 1931:431 as shortenings of kalosemu, etc., but without supplying any arguments for this interpretation.

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