and etc.
21
A weakened form of siipo can be formed via reduplication compare § 119, thus sii-siipo ‘wait yet a little bit, in the blink of an eye’. Also sipopo is said.
Concerning iindo, see § 241. Rarely the negative particles naamo ‘no more’, naapo ‘not yet’ and naahi ‘not’ are used in vetitive clauses, e.g.:
naa-mo da
ari pong-kaa
NEG
-
PERF INTENS
first
TRI
-eat ‘eat no more for now’
The form sii possibly has a connection with Pamona njii ‘still’, etc. see § 30. It can, however, simply be an interjection. The same applies to iindo; compare Bugis, Makasarese edo’ ‘for shame’.
241. As far as the vetitive in the dialects is concerned, the following deserves mentioning.
The Upper Mori have iindo as a vetitive particle, which is also used in Tinompo, and which perhaps is common Mori, although Tinompo and Watu use it only as a self-standing form. In Upper Mori it can become indo in
conjunction with a following word, e.g.: indo
pepau
NEG
.
IMPV
speak ‘don’t speak’ [Impo, Molongkuni]
The i of indo can also be omitted through apheresis or assimilation into a preceding word, while the o can assimilate to, or be assimilated into, a following vowel, so that sometimes only the nd remains. For example:
nd-i m-pogero
NEG
.
IMPV
-2
PL PL
-make.commotion ‘make no noise’ [Padoe]
ka-ndu u-pe’iwi
so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
2
SG
-weep ‘so that you not weep’ [Molongkuni]
ka-nd-u pepau
so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
-2
SG
speak ‘so that you not speak’, or ‘speak not’
22
[Molongkuni, Impo]
21
[footnote 1, p. 210] Also siimo mbo’u independent or si … mbo’u means ‘not any more’ vetitive, but these expressions are stronger in meaning than siimo, simo… because they, in keeping with the meaning of mbo’u ‘also, back, again, a second
time’, can indicate that the action may not be begun again, but not that it must be stopped, e.g.: si
pong-kaa mbo’u
NEG
.
IMPV TRI
-eat again
‘eat no more don’t go eat again’ si
poturi mbo’u
NEG
.
IMPV
sleep again
‘don’t go back to sleep’ The constructions si da…, si komba da… or si da komba… compare § 266, also have the same meaning, e.g.: si komba da
pongkaa, si da komba pongkaa. For ‘not yet, just wait’, one can also use aripo or aripo ari.
ka-nd-i koa
pepate kami
so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
-2
PL
just kill
1
PLX
‘so that you two not kill us’, or ‘kill us not’ [Molongkuni, Impo] [p. 211]
nd-u-ka indo + u + koa pepau
NEG
.
IMPV
-2
SG
-just speak
‘speak not’ [Molongkuni, Impo] From the last two examples, it appears that, unlike in Tinompo, the conjugating prefix can occur
BEFORE
koa, without this meanwhile having any influence on the form of the verb which follows, compare § 238 versus § 219.
This construction with ka = koa is not always used, however; one can also say: ka-ndo
koa i-pepate
kami so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
just 2
PL
-kill 1
PLX
and the like. Also forms such as indika upepau Molio’a ndika upepa’u, ndiko upepa’u, ndika uleko further shortened to kaleko are also reported. The i of the first syllable can be that of indo, compare Tinompo si. This
construction is also possible with to and po, for example:
ka nd-u-to
pe’iwi so.that
NEG
.
IMPV
-2
SG
-
PERF
weep ‘so that you cry no more’, ‘cry no more’, but also ‘so that you don’t cry’, ‘don’t cry’ see § 240
[Molongkuni, Impo] ka
ndo-to u-pe’iwi
so.that
NEG
.
IMPV
-
PERF
2
SG
-weep ‘id.’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
nd-u-to pe’iwi
NEG
.
IMPV
-2
SG
-
PERF
weep ‘don’t cry anymore’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
indo-to u-pe’iwi
NEG
.
IMPV
-
PERF
2
SG
-weep ‘id.’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
nd-u-po leko
NEG
.
IMPV
-2
SG
-
INCOMP
go ‘don’t go yet’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
indo-po u-leko
NEG
.
IMPV
-
INCOMP
2
SG
-go ‘id.’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
ka nd-u-po
pongee so.that
NEG
.
IMPV
-2
SG
-
INCOMP
say ‘say nothing of it yet’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
ka ndo-po
u-pongee so.that
NEG
.
IMPV
-
INCOMP
2
SG
-say ‘id.’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
22
[footnote 2, p. 210] The rule given previously in § 240 concerning the use of the forms with ka and the vetitive does not extend to the dialects. Constructions with kandu or kandi but not those with kando, kandu u- or kando i- can have, in Upper
Mori, the meaning of a regular vetitive.
ka-ndo no-to
pepau so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
3
SG
-
PERF
speak ‘so that he speaks no more’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
Because mostly sentences with third person singular subjects are encountered, it is not surprising that the above- mentioned phrasing of Impo and Molongkuni can also be constructed with no- ‘3
SG
’ as a fixed constituent of the first part of the clause, whereupon then the indication of the verbal subject, if it is first or second person, or third person
dual or plural, follows on the verb. For example: ka-ndo
no-koa i-pepate
kami so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
3
SG
-just 2
PL
-kill 1
PLX
‘so that it not be that you two kill us’ [Molongkuni, Impo] ka-ndo
no-koa u-pe’iwi
so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
3
SG
-just 2
SG
-weep ‘so that you not cry’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
ka-ndo no-to
u-pe’iwi so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
3
SG
-
PERF
2
SG
-cry ‘so that you cry no more’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
Perhaps it would be better to write these as: ka ndono koa…, ka ndonoto…, and ka ndonopo…, because in such cases no is no longer felt to have its proper meaning, any more than na in Pamona naka ‘so that’ Adriani 1931:403, with
the result then that sentences with a third person singular subject can also be constructed in the same way, that is, with no- twice, e.g.:
ka-ndo no-koa
no-pepau
23
so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
3
SG
-just 3
SG
-speak ‘so that he not speak’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
ka-ndo no-po
no-leko so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
3
SG
-
INCOMP
3
SG
-go ‘so that he doesn’t go yet’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
The matter is further complicated by the fact that ndo is sometimes articulatorily reduced to no, e.g.: ka-n-u
pepau = kandu pepau
so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
-2
SG
speak ‘so that you not speak’ or ‘speak not’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
ka-no no-pepau
= kando nopepau so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
3
SG
-speak ‘so that he not speak’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
ka-no no-koa
pepau = kando nokoa pepau
so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
3
SG
-just speak
‘so that he not speak’ [Molongkuni, Impo] ka-no
koa no-pepau
= kando koa nopepau so.that-
NEG
.
IMPV
just 3
SG
-speak ‘so that he not speak’ [Molongkuni, Impo]
23
[from main text, p. 211] This can also be expressed with no- occurring only once, e.g.: kando nokoa pepau or kando koa nopepau.
This last can be further simplified to kano koa pepau through omission of the second no, rightly to be distinguished from ka no-pepau
NEG
3
SG
-speak
24
or ka-no no-pepau
NEG
-3
SG
3
SG
-speak ‘he doesn’t speak’ see § 263. That these and similar forms
25
make a tangled impression can hardly be denied, but one must remember that the vetitive character of the clause can be identified based on various grounds, for example by the occurrence of koa, a particle
which by virtue of its [p. 212]
meaning usually does not occur in negative contexts other than the vetitive, see § 244. Likewise:
ka no-lo
koa leko
so.that
NEG
.
IMPV
-
FUT
just go
‘so that he should not go’ with the future marker lo must be distinguished from:
ka no-lo
l[um]eko
NEG
3
SG
-
FUT PART
:go ‘he will not go’
Compare § 237. For Tinompo siimo, the Upper Mori use hooto, which can also occur after ka. Hooto is a contraction of
ho’ioto or hoioto see § 162 and thus actually means ‘let it be that’, ‘let it therewith remain’, just as Tinompo onaemo or onaemo ari is once in a while used in this meaning for example to someone who pours for another, thus
something like ‘enough’. Also when ho’io hoio has its proper pronominal meaning, ho’ioto or hoioto are also contracted to hooto, while the long forms are also sometimes heard in the vetitive ho’ioto, hoioto. Next to ho’io
Tambee also has the form hia’o, which thus stands between Upper Mori ho’io and Tinompo iao § 162, but which appears to occur only in vetitive meaning hia’oto. In this dialect, then, speakers potentially use three forms for the
vetitive, ho’ioto, hia’oto and hooto. Next to hooto stands hoopo Padoe oopo, which does not have the meaning of Tinompo siipo but rather that of Tinompo amba ‘only, recently, just’:
hopo ku-hawe
near.past 1
SG
-arrive ‘I have just now come’
hoopo ku-tutulu-ake-o
near.past 1
SG
-tell-
APPL
-3
SG
‘and then, and thereupon I told him it’ hopo
nuu’o ku-pong-gito
near.past this
1
SG
-
TRI
-see ‘just now, now for the first time I see one’ [Molio’a]
and as a vetitive that of ‘let it be enough’ often with ari as in hoopo ari ‘let it be enough for now’, compare Pamona ganapa riunya; in the same meaning one can also say hooto ari. The full form ho’iopo ho’iopo ari is
not encountered.
The Upper Mori equivalent of siipo is indopo. In addition, aipo also occurs, which must be linked with the negative particle aio see § 263. When this aipo constitutes a part of Molongkuni ndaipo ari the equivalent of
Tinompo siipo ari, one need not think here of a pleonasm, because the ai of aipo has probably originated from tai
24
[footnote 1, p. 212] The construction ka no-pepau can also be interpreted as so.that 3
SG
-speak ‘so that he speaks’ see §§ 214 ff.. Although koa can also occur in this case, it has a different position than in the corresponding vetitive construction,
namely after the verb: ka nopepau koa.
25
[footnote 1, p. 211] For example ka nono kuleko for ka ndono kuleko ‘so that I go no more’, because apart from the vetitive ndo there is also a word ndo or ando which means ‘not any more’; see § 265.
see § 264,
26
and thus ndaipo thus might very well stand for taipo, with prenasalization and voicing. This prenasalization can have a strengthening force, compare Adriani 1931:342, Malay and Jakarta Malay ngga’ ‘not’
next to kaga’, etc. Compare also Lembobabi and Matangkoro aambo ari next to po ari ari, and Molio’a ambolahari in the
sense of Tinompo siipo ari.
27
Next to ambolahari, Molio’a speakers also use hari ari, compare Bungku aripo and aripo ari. Hariari or ari-’ari also occurs in other Upper Mori dialects.
[p. 213] Next to indopo one might also expect the form indoto, but this appears not to occur, at least in the better known
Upper Mori dialects hooto is the usual form. One does have ka ndoto discussed previously in this section, while the form indomo is found in Karunsi’e and Padoe. If aipo indeed originally had no vetitive force, then it is very