K e Books 27 Esser Mead Phonology Mori

komba da ndio olai by.no.means still be.here far nahi komba da ndio olai NEG by.no.means still be.here far na-m-i komba da ndio olai NEG - PERF -3 SG by.no.means still be.here far na-m-i da olai NEG - PERF -3 SG still far Compare also: [p. 255] lawe-no l[um]ako komba da ongkue t[um]o’ori-o since-3 SG . POS PART :go by.no.means still 1 SG . INDEP PART :know-3 SG ‘seeing that he has gone off, I am no longer responsible for him’ nahi ndi aku da kumisi NEG be.here 1 SG still district.head ‘I am no more a district head’ nahi da ndi aku motea mo-’angga? NEG still be.here 1 SG strong PART : TRI -work ‘am I perhaps no longer strong enough to work?’ Komba da is constructed in the same way as komba, when it has the meaning of ‘not’ see below. Another word for ‘still’, mbo’u ‘yet, still more, yet another time, again’, can likewise sometimes be rendered as ‘…more’ in connection with a negative word, but this then has the meaning of ‘…otherwise’. For example: nahi komba hapa mbo’u NEG by.no.means what again ‘nothing whatsoever further, nothing more, nothing else’ na-hina mbo’u susua anu pabawai ira NEG -exist again different REL prevail.over 3 PL ‘there was no one else more who prevailed over them’

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OMBA AND KONDE . These two forms are actually not negative words, but to a certain extent they can be considered as such, because the accompanying negative word—which these words serve to strengthen—can sometimes be omitted. This applies especially of komba. The actual meaning of komba compare ba, §§ 201 and 231 is ‘perhaps’. As such it occurs in Tinompo in combination with ba, e.g.: ba komba aku l[um]ako if by.some.means 1 SG . FUT go ‘perhaps I shall indeed go’ lako-mo po’ia-’ia a mia me-sampa arau-do, go- PERF stay at person PL -divide.into.pieces that.over.there-3 PL . POS ba do-komba men-tia-ko if 3 PL -by.some.means PL -divide-2 SG ‘just go sit with yonder people sitting squatting who are busy cutting an animal to pieces, perhaps they will give you a piece’ It also occurs in future forms, in the same meaning as mansa in the future § 282, namely ‘it may sometime be that, lest that’, e.g.: to-men-tuturako me-lako, ta komba um-alu kita 1 PLN - PL -do.directly PL -go 3 SG . FUT by.some.means PART -strike 1 PLN usa te’ingka rain near.future ‘let us keep going quickly, the rain might overtake us sometime soon’ Collocated with a negative, komba actually has the same meaning, so that nahi komba ondalo in effect means ‘it is not deep by any means, not that it would be deep anyway’. In practice this amounts to nahi komba being a somewhat stronger negative than nahi, which implies a contrast with an opinion of the speaker himself or another in a contradictory sense. In nahi komba, komba can be so closely connected with nahi that the conjugated form which must follow after nahi is not derived from komba but rather from the following word, for example: nahi komba do-pekaria-o NEG by.any.means 3 PL -care.for-3 SG ‘they have not provided for him’ nahi komba i-to’ori-o NEG :3 SG by.any.means 3 SG -know-3 SG ‘he knows it not’ It also remains possible, however, for a conjugated form of komba to be followed by the participle form of the word which the negator modifies. Compare the two examples immediately above with the following: nahi do-komba [m]ekaria-o NEG 3 PL -by.any.means PART :care.for-3 SG ‘they have not provided for him’ nahi komba t[um]o’ori-o NEG :3 SG by.any.means PART :know-3 SG ‘he does not know it’ In the future: nahi komba ta liu mate NEG by.any.means 3 SG . FUT quickly die ‘he shall not soon die’ nahi ta komba liu mate NEG 3 SG . FUT by.any.means quickly die ‘id.’ The expression nahi komba can be further shortened to komba, which then often has no more force than nahi alone. In such cases komba is likewise followed by a conjugated form, e.g.: komba ku-mahaki NEG 1 SG -sick ‘I am not sick’ except in the third person singular, in which typically no conjugated form of intransitives or adjectives can occur, thus: komba mate NEG die ‘he is not dead’ komba hina NEG exist ‘there is not’ komba l[um]ako NEG PART :go ‘he has not gone’ [p. 256] For this last one can also say komba l[um]ako-o NEG PART :go-3 SG , thus with the third person singular pronoun of Set I see §§ 143 and 145, which pattern appears not to be possible in other persons and numbers. If the verb following komba is a transitive with definite object, only the conjugated form is used, thus: komba i-pekaria-o NEG 3 SG -care.for-3 SG ‘he has not provided for him’ not komba mekariao. In addition, future forms and forms with a possessive suffix as treated in § 252 can follow after komba, e.g.: komba aku mahaki NEG 1 SG . FUT sick ‘I shall not become sick’ komba da mahaki-ku NEG still sick-1 SG . POS ‘I feel no more pain’ That komba in this meaning is shortened from nahi komba appears from the conjugated forms which follow after it, and especially from a construction such as komba hina, because otherwise one would expect komba hina-o 26 see § 145. 26 [footnote 1, p. 256] Followed by kada, muda, or some similar word, this is indeed the case, e.g.: komba hina-o kada kimbohu mo-mama NEG exist-3 SG AFFIRM monitor PART : TRI -chew ‘there was absolutely no monitor lizard chewing betel’ In addition komba hinao and komba hinaopo occur followed by ka, but in this case komba does not have a negative meaning. The phrase komba hinaopo is a fixed expression which can be rendered approximately with ‘how should it be possible?’, ‘I will not admitadopt that…’, e.g.: komba hina-o-po ka aku mate by.no.means exist-3 SG - INCOMP and 1 SG . FUT die ‘how could it be possible that I should die?’ The expression komba hinaopo da’a ka has a lamenting meaning, e.g.: Komba can also be used with the vetitive particle, e.g. see also § 240: io horo-no si komba te-pore CN floor-3 SG . POS NEG . IMPV by.any.means VOL -close ‘don’t let the floor slats be placed too close to each other’ Concerning komba in the sense of Malay bukan, see § 268. Concerning konde ‘even’, it requires only to be mentioned that with negative words it can have a simple strengthening force, for example komba ta konde lumako, komba konde ta lumako, etc. ‘he shall by no means go’, also: si konde lako NEG . IMPV even go ‘absolutely don’t go’ The negator is sometimes omitted with konde, so that this word itself takes on the meaning ‘not even, not at all, absolutely not’, e.g.: konde l[um]ako not.even PART :go ‘he is not even to go, he is absolutely not to go’ kana’umpe ke ka u-konde t[um]o’ori-o motae how INTERROG and 2 SG -not.even PART :know-3 SG that ndi aku indi’ai be.here 1 SG here ‘how did it happen you didn’t even know that I was here?’ In relative clauses, only constructions with nahi such as the following appear to be possible: anu nahi komba i-to’ori-o REL NEG by.any.means 3 SG -know-3 SG anu nahi komba do-men-to’ori-o REL NEG by.any.means 3 PL - PL -know-3 SG anu nahi komba do-me-moiko REL NEG by.any.means 3 PL - PL -good thus not with conjugating of komba, etc., and: anu nahi konde t[um]o’ori-o REL NEG even PART :know-3 SG anu nahi konde do-men-to’ori-o REL NEG even 3 PL - PL -know-3 SG anu nahi do-konde men-to’ori-o REL NEG 3 PL -even PL -know-3 SG komba hina-o-po da’a ka iko l[um]ako by.no.means exist-3 SG - INCOMP INTENS and 2 SG . FUT PART :go ‘how can it be that you are going?’ said when you are sorry to see others go, and they or you or both lament that it must happen

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