mo’uwu ‘pour out’ see above mompo’awo’awo Molongkuni ‘carry or have on oneself’, next to mowawo Molongkuni ‘bring, bring
with’, Tinompo mowawo A w has been lost in the middle of the stem in we’e ‘loincloth’, compare wewe stem ‘wind, twist’ and in
wulaa ‘gold’, Parigi bulawa. A w has also been lost in saa ‘python’ and menaa ‘breathe’, but here the second a can also be explained as originating from o through assimilation see § 46. Probably Watu metotaa ‘laugh’, Malay
tawa, is a similar case. The w has even elided in Upper Mori tuu ‘upper part’, compare Tinompo tuwu, Pamona tuwa ‘id.’ a ntuwu ngara means ‘on the horse’, but here one could also consider the phenomenon of suppression
with compensatory lengthening mentioned in § 31.
An example of the alternation of w and p is mompalewesi ‘wind around’ and mowewesi ‘id.’. The former is from the stem pewe, which word in Pamona means ‘loincloth’.
t.
61. Examples of original t in Mori are, among others: otolu ‘three’, Malayo-Polynesian t
ĕlu; opitu ‘seven’, Malayo-Polynesian pitu; kita, first person plural inclusive pronoun, Malayo-Polynesian; ata ‘slave’, Bugis,
Makasarese, Tontemboan id.; ate ‘liver’, Malayo-Polynesian atai; ato ‘roof covering’, Javanese, Tontemboan at ĕp;
etu ‘hundred’, Malay ratus; mata ‘eye’, Malayo-Polynesian; montutuwii ‘cover’, Javanese, Malay tutup; tete ‘foot bridge’, Malay titi; montata ‘take apart e.g. a house’, Tontemboan ta’tas; etc. etc. In onomatopoeia and the such:
metotaa Watu ‘laugh’, Malay tawa; tuu, call word, especially for dogs; tirioe, a bird; tinti, the sound produced by a gong; hiite, exclamation of fright.
As onset, t has been lost among other places in: uai ‘younger brother or sister’, Pamona tua’i, Javanese ari; umbu, Pamona tumpu ‘owner’ these two words contain the honorific prefix tu-; mo’owo ‘cut around’ such as
sugarcane, in order to break it off, Pamona owo ‘cut off’, compare Pamona towo ‘cut down’, Malay t ĕbang;
mo’onggo-’onggo Tinompo next to Sampalowo montonggo-tonggo ‘all the time run back and forth in a small space’.
In borrowed words c is sometimes replaced by t, e.g. kotika, Bugis kocikang ‘trouser pocket’; balatu, Bugis balacung or Malay b
ĕlacu, ‘unbleached cotton’; mobata Padoe ‘read’, Bugis or Malay baca in Tinompo one says mobasa.
Concerning the relationship of t and p, see § 55; of t and d, see § 64; of t and s, see § 72.
nt.
62. The nt can be considered as original in onomatopoetic words
60
such as ntua-ntuangi ‘shell, which serves as a trumpet’, Malay tuang-tuang, and in old words, such as mewinti Upper Mori ‘kick calves’, Javanese binte,
Malay benteh, Tontemboan winti’; [p. 45]
punti, Malay, Tontemboan id.; tinti, the sound of a gong, Malay tinting with root reduplication; and further perhaps in words such as ntolo-ntolo Sampalowo ‘water course consisting of
a cleaned out stem of the masara-palm C
ORYPHA GEBANGA
Bl. used in wet rice fields’, also meaning ‘rifle barrel’. Apart form that, nt has originated from prenasalization of t.
An nt has sometimes become nd, see § 26 and 68.
60
[footnote 1, p. 44] See however § 24.
d.
63. Examples of original d are: dasa ‘small floor, raised platform, plank bed’, Malay, Javanese, Sundanese
dasar; pada ‘grass, grassy plain’, Malay padang; pada ‘equally, both, all’, Javanese pa ḍa; rada ‘breast’; kadu ‘betel
pouch’, Minangkabau kadui; dula ‘wooden basin, trough’, Malay dulang; rodo ‘silent, fast asleep’, Malay r ĕdah;
roda, the name of a tree, Malay d ĕdap. In onomatopoeia and interjections: dio-dio ‘small bell’; adidi, adede, adodo
‘ow’; dike, word for calling a young dog ana dike also used fondly to full-grown dogs in Napu, dike means ‘dog’; dumidi, the sound of a tarsier.
An initial d has been lost in Watu, Upper Mori mo’uhu ‘stick, prick’, Tinompo moduhu, Malay tusuk and in ompo ‘an obstruction of bamboo slats in a river, in order to constrain fish to swim into a trap’, Pamona ompo and
dampo ‘close off’, Mori dampa ‘trap’ for birds, modampo ‘set one’s hand on something’. A d in the middle of the stem has been lost in mopoe ‘biting’ for example, of acid in a wound, Pamona mapoi,
compare Mori mapeda ‘biting, smarting’ as of fire or certain skin diseases, Pamona podi ‘sour’, Javanese p ĕ
ḍĕs; ongkue, omue, onae, ontae, ondae all independent personal pronouns, see § 142, Moiki ongkude, omude, onade,
ontade, ondade; mompoporoo ‘observe, fix one’s eyes on’, and telalo maroo ‘pass by in secret’, also ‘pass by without being concerned about what bystanders are saying’, compare rodo ‘silent, fast asleep’.
Concerning d as the reflex of the R-L-D law, see §§ 100–101.
64. Examples of the alternation of d and r are see further §§ 89 and 90–102:
