In the third paragraph of § 201, it was stated that ba serves to [p. 288]
indi’ai ba
pia mia-mo
anu molai
here if
how.many person-
PERF REL
PART
:flee ‘here are I-don’t-know-how-many people who have fled from the village’
When the number of concerned individuals is large, one can use opia preceded by nte- compare § 248, without apparently causing any further modification to the meaning, e.g.: nte’opia komiu? ‘how many of you are there?’.
Reduplicated forms of opia and pia- respectively opi-’opia, pia-pia- can be used to mean ‘how few’ compare § 119, for example pia-pia nta’u ‘how few years?’.
Another word, which sometimes can be translated ‘how many’—but which properly speaking does not question quantity or number—is asa-hapa, literally ‘one what’, but having the force of ‘how big, how far, to what extent?’.
For example: asa-hapa-mo
anu umari-o-mo
b[in]onde-mu? one-what-
PERF REL
finish-3
SG
-
PERF PASS
:weed-2
SG
.
POS
‘how great is the stretch that you have already weeded?’, ‘what you have weeded reaches to what extent?’, ‘how much have you already weeded?’
39
asa-hapa-mo mokora-mu,
ko-liu moko-nangi-o
one-what-
PERF
strong-2
SG
.
POS
2
SG
.
FUT
-quickly
PART
:
POTENT
-defeat-3
SG
i Anu?
PN
What’s-his-name ‘how great is your power, that you should defeat So-and-so?’
nahi asa-hapa
NEG
one-what ‘not much, only a little bit’
asa-hapa mia
w[in]awa-mu, ka
iko taha
um-ewai aku
one-what person
PASS
:bring-2
SG
.
POS
and 2
SG
.
FUT
dare
PART
-oppose 1
SG
‘how many people have you brought with you, that you should dare to withstand me? in other words: ‘you have brought far too few people with you…’
Asa-hapa is used only when a great quantity is spoken of the last example, of course, makes use of irony. Corresponding to asa-hapa, Watu has asa-hapo, Impo asa-pio, Molongkuni aso-mbio.
290. In the third paragraph of § 201, it was stated that ba serves to [p. 288]
make interrogative numerals indefinite. That statement, however, was only partly correct; ‘however many’ can only be expressed with the help of
mau, maupo or a form with po or mo such as mentioned in the conclusion of § 277, thus: maupo
opia u-po-’ema,
asa-lako-no ku-mo-wee-ko
40
even.though how.many
2
SG
-
TRI
-request one-go-3
SG
.
POS
1
SG
.
FUT
-
PART
:
TRI
-give-2
SG
‘although you ask however many of them, I shall certainly give them to you’
39
[from main text, p. 287] Answer, for example: mingki-o-mo entonga want-3
SG
-
PERF
halfway ‘almost half’.
40
[footnote 1, p. 288] Following our language usage, one would expect a transitive
DEFINITE
object form, thus aku wee-ko, but according to the Mori conception the object of ‘give’ in this case is indefinite, because that of ‘ask’ also is. Compare:
mau-po hapa
u-po-’ema, aku
mo-wee-ko though-
INCOMP
what 2
SG
-
TRI
-request 1
SG
.
FUT PART
:
TRI
-give-2
SG
‘although you ask whatever, I will give it to you’
which can also be expressed equivalently by: i’opiapo…, maupo i’opia…, mau opia… but not mau i’opia….
41
Compare also: i-’opia-mo
in-ema-no, aku
wee-o 3
SG
-how.many-
PERF PASS
-request-3
SG
.
POS
1
SG
.
FUT
give-3
SG
‘however much he asks for, I shall give it to him’ maupo
i-’asa-hapa in-ema-mu,
42
aku wee-ko
even.though 3
SG
-one-what
PASS
-request-2
SG
.
POS
1
SG
.
FUT
give-2
SG
‘even if you still ask for so much, I shall give it to you’ The expression ba te’opia where the interrogative numeral is preceded by te- can indeed be used in the sense of
‘how many it may be, a certain number, some’, and thus act as the equivalent of certain indefinite numerals in Dutch. However, here one actually has to do with a case similar to that mentioned at the conclusion of the second paragraph
of § 201, and its function as an indefinite number is secondary. Nevertheless, ba te’opia corresponds entirely with our ‘some’ Dutch enige, which is not the case when te- is omitted; see § 289. Examples are:
ba te-’opia
mia if
VOL
-how.many person
‘how many people there may be, a certain number of people’ hieno
ku-tepo-towo-ako ira
m-po-wawa padenge,
near.past 1
SG
-
RECIP
-meet-
APPL
3
PL PL
-
TRI
-bring baggage
ba te-’opia
bandala w[in]awa-do
if
VOL
-how.many case
PASS
:bring-3
PL
.
POS
‘just now I met some people transporting baggage, and carrying a certain number of crates’ ba
n-te-’opia ira
mia me-lako
m-pelauro if
PL
-
VOL
-how.many 3
PL
person
PL
-go
PL
-seek.rattan ‘some people have gone to seek rattan’ lit., ‘how many the people may be who have gone rattan-
seeking’ It appears that ba cannot be used with asa-hapa; see below.
In place of ba te’opia, etc., a future form of te’opia can also be used, or such a form in combination with ba, e.g.:
ba ta
te-’opia raku
hieno ku-wee
ira
43
if 3
SG
.
FUT VOL
-how.many handful near.past
1
SG
-give 3
PL
‘I-know-not-how-many handfuls I just gave them’ ba
ira n-te-’opia
ira hieno
mia if
3
PL
.
FUT PL
-
VOL
-how.many 3
PL
near.past person
l[um]ako m-po-rorako
PART
:go
PL
-
TRI
-fish.by.hand ‘a certain number of people more than two have just now gone to fish by hand’
41
[footnote 2, p. 288] One can also say: opia opia u-po-’ema… or opia opia in-ema-mu…, etc. However, this is not true Mori but borrowed from Bungku.
42
[from main text, p. 288] Alternatively: i-’asa-hapa-po in-ema-mu…
43
[from main text, p. 288] Also ku-po-wee ira can also be used, in which case the meaning is: of a greater quantity of the concerned stuff, e.g. rice.
ba ira
n-te-’opia-ako ira
if 3
PL
.
FUT PL
-
VOL
-how.many-
APPL
3
PL
‘a certain number, some’ see § 345 The future forms of te’opia occurring in these expressions actually mean ‘how many approximately, ± how
many’. Similar expressions are also formed from regular numbers using te-, and can in that case likewise be preceded by ba, for example:
ba ta
te-pato bangka
if 3
SG
.
FUT VOL
-four boat
‘approximately four boatloads’ ba
ira n-te-’opaa
ira if
3
PL
.
FUT PL
-
VOL
-four 3
PL
‘about four individuals’ [p. 289]
moro
44
ta te-pulu’a
ki-m-perato ndi-tahane
perhaps 3
SG
.
FUT VOL
-ten.nights 1
PLX
-
PL
-overnight here-go.thither.upward
ka ki-’amba
me-hawe-ako and
1
PLX
-then
PL
-arrive-
APPL
‘we stayed overnight roughly ten nights in the uplands before arriving’ ta
te-’asa-hapa 3
SG
.
FUT VOL
-one-what ‘roughly how many?’ of a great quantity
ira n-te-’asa-hapa
3
PL
.
FUT PL
-
VOL
-one-what ‘roughly how many?’ of a multitude of people
ira n-te-’asa-hapa
mia hawe
a m-pe-rame-rame-a
3
PL
.
FUT PL
-
VOL
-one-what person
arrive at
LG
-
INTR
-
REDP
-make.merry-
NZR
‘how great is the number approximately of them who have come to the feast?’ When ta te’opia, ira nte’opia etc. occur in this meaning thus in a true interrogative sentence, ba naturally cannot be
used see § 201, thus: ira
n-te-’opia mia
anu ira
me-lako? 3
PL
.
FUT PL
-
VOL
-how.many person
REL
3
PL
.
FUT PL
-go ‘approximately how many are the people who are going?’
ira n-te-’opia
ira anu
ira me-lako?
3
PL
.
FUT PL
-
VOL
-how.many 3
PL REL
3
PL
.
FUT PL
-go ‘roughly how many will go?’
ira n-te-’opia
ira anu
me-lako? 3
PL
.
FUT PL
-
VOL
-how.many 3
PL REL
PL
-go ‘roughly how many are going?’ or: ‘…will go?’
Sometimes these forms occur with ba and te- alone, which perhaps is the result of shortening, for example:
44
[from main text, p. 289] Here moro ‘perhaps’ strengthens the meaning of ‘approximately’.
bange ba
te-’asa-n-sowu monkey
if
VOL
-one-
LG
-thousand ‘about a thousand monkeys’
bange ba
n-te-’asa-n-sowu ira
monkey if
PL
-
VOL
-one-
LG
-thousand 3
PL
‘id.’ bange
ira n-te-’asa-n-sowu
monkey 3
PL
.
FUT PL
-
VOL
-one-
LG
-thousand ‘id.’
sine ka
i-hina koa
wali mami
ba n-te-ho-pulu
ira, but
and 3
SG
-exist just
friend 1
PLX
.
POS
if
PL
-
VOL
-one-ten 3
PL
te-’orua ira
beine
VOL
-two 3
PL
female ‘but let there be approximately ten companions of ours, of which two must be females’
me-tena Tua
m-Petoro ka
i-d[in]oa mia
PART
:
INTR
-order Tuan
LG
-Administrator and
3
SG
-
PASS
:count person
i Tinompo
ba ira
n-te-’opia at
Tinompo if
3
PL
.
FUT PL
-
VOL
-how.many ‘the Administrator has given orders that the people of Tinompo must be counted, how many there are’
In this last example, in which ba introduces a subordinate interrogative clause, the future form does
NOT
lend an indefinite meaning. One could let this come out by translating ‘how many there should be’, or ‘…should turn out to
be’.