Where e reflects an original ĕ, one must likewise suppose that it originated via i compare § 40. So for example
in: montele ‘swallow’, Karo Batak tĕlĕn
mompeha ‘break’, Malay pĕcah monsumbele ‘slaughter by cutting through the neck’, Malay sĕmbĕleh
monsengu ‘prick with the stinger’, Malay sĕngat mobeta ‘pull down e.g. a house, cut open a path’, Philippine bĕtak Tagalog bitak, Bisaya botak
mapeda ‘give a burning pain’, Malay pĕdas Where e corresponds with Malayo-Polynesian y, this likewise originated via i; examples are:
buaea ‘crocodile’, Malayo-Polynesian buaya poea, name of a tree, Pamona poya
eosi, name of a tree, Pamona yosi bantaea, a kind of large hut, Pamona bantaya
soeowu ‘carpenter bee’, Pamona soyowu kaea ‘rich’, Malay kaya
[p. 33]
38. Often e has originated from a. This especially goes for Upper Mori Adriani 1900:295, but various
examples are also to be mentioned from Tinompo, among others: wure ‘foam’, Pamona wura compare § 100
molue ‘great of surface area, extensive, vast, broad’, Malay luas next to malua ‘spacious’, which perhaps is derived from the stem luar, compare meluarako ‘go outside’, lua ensa ‘entrance of the ladder’ at the
upper end, thus in the house sekono, the same as sakono ‘even’, stem sako, Pamona id. the stems seko and sako also occur in Mori in
the same meaning tangkuedo ‘Adam’s apple’, Pamona tangkuayo
eha, the name of a tree, Pamona kasa, Malay kacang ensami Sampalowo, a species of sour mango, Pamona ancami, Malay asam
mo’ena ‘weave’, Pamona maena, Malay anyam Perhaps also sine ‘but’, Watu sino ‘id.’, possibly from sina. Regarding the derivation of Tinompo sine, see also
footnote 1, p. 208 sine is not an Upper Mori word. These sound changes often exhibit the phenomenon of assimilation. The influence of a former palatal is
noticeable in ensami, mo’ena, eha, and tangkuedo Pamona tangkuayo could have earlier been tangkuajo, with palatal affricate j becoming d in Mori, and in other places the influence of an r or s one could also consider the
influence of an s in cases such as eha and ensami.
50
In sine the i could have had an influence, as it also has in Upper Mori inie ‘village’, Tinompo inia, but next to which occurs the general Mori word mia ‘person’ from the
same stem. Less certain is molue, but it deserves mention that in Upper Mori, where the change of a to e has extended much further than in Tinompo, most yet not all cases are to be explained from assimilation. For example,
many Upper Mori examples of e from a have a u in the neighboring syllable, compare Molongkuni molungke ‘lift something on one side’ for example a mat in order to look under it, or a trap in order to empty it with Tinompo
molungka.
51
Regarding the origin of e in Upper Mori -akeo in Tinompo -akono, see § 165.
39. Frequently e has originated through merger of an a and an i or y or from a diphthong ai, e.g. osole
‘corn’, Malay h ĕnjĕlai; pande ‘clever’, Malay pandai; eo-’eo ‘silhouette’, Malay bayang; keu ‘wood’, Malay kayu;
moleu ‘withered’, Malay layu; ane ‘termite’, Malay anai-anai; mohole ‘roast in a dry pot’, Padoe moholai; wee stem ‘give’, Pamona wai, Malay b
ĕri.
52
Also an e has sometimes originated from i y + a, for example: etu ‘hundred’, for yatu from ratus compare § 91
α; me’insani Upper Mori for mia insani ‘the old people, the ancestors’; mare’e ‘many’, Pamona maria the stem ria ‘be’ became ree, for re, see § 17; subsequently through vowel splitting there arose re’e, which in Pamona
is the usual word for ‘be’. [p. 34]
i.
40. As a rule the i is an original sound, as in uni ‘sound’, Javanese id.; mo’ai ‘burning, burning hot, burnt up’,
Malay hari; kita and kami, personal pronouns of the first person inclusive and exclusive, Austronesian id.; the suffix -i, Austronesian id.; olima ‘five’, Austronesian lima; opitu ‘seven’, Austronesian pitu; ihi ‘contents’, Malay isi;
etc. etc.
That i has sometimes changed into e has been mentioned above § 37. Sometimes i reflects Malayo-Polynesian
ĕ, such as in mohori Molio’a ‘hear’, from mohoringi, in which -ngi was felt to be the suffix -i, compare Napu mohadi ‘hear, feel’, pehadingi ‘listen’, Pamona sadonge ‘try to hear’
corresponding with Malay d ĕngar, etc. but with prefix sa-. witi ‘calf of the leg’, Malay bĕtis; siloli ‘flute’, Malay
s ĕruling Upper Mori silelu; owingi Watu, wingi Roda ‘night’, Malayo-Polynesian wĕngi. The cases treated in
§ 37 in which i became e must also be mentioned herewith. Although the paragogic i which makes final consonants pronounceable and thus preserves them from deletion
see § 29 cannot be considered as originating from ĕ, it nevertheless occurs in the place of an “indifferent vowel”.
41. In the following cases among others i has originated from ui:
