F e Books 27 Esser Mead Phonology Mori

onae-mo koa kada ndada arau tehala-a-do 3 SG . INDEP - PERF just AFFIRM 3 PL . ADD that.over.there guilty- NZR -3 PL . POS do-lako me-bongo-o 3 PL -go PL -hit-3 SG ‘only therein was their transgression, that they had hit him’ lit. ‘that only is the respect in which they are guilty, that they had gone 44 and hit him’; they also did something wrong, though it was a lesser offense that the others nde mokole n-tii koa mbo’u nada’a because ruler LG -descend just also 3 SG . ADD ‘since he also was a descended ruler’ tewala l[um]ako, kami koa me-lako nae 45 mamida’a when PART :go 1 PLX . FUT just PL -go 3 SG . INDEP 1 PLX . ADD ‘when he goes, we will go also’ i-’ala-ako-mu koa ke muda’a? 3 SG -get- APPL -2 SG just INTERROG 2 SG . ADD ‘did he take for you also just as for me?’ Peculiarities concerning the usage of the various pronouns.

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IRST PERSON PLURAL . Just as in related languages, Mori has two forms for the first person plural, an inclusive and an exclusive. The former can be rendered as ‘I and you’ whether or not including a third person or persons, the latter with ‘I and him, her, them’. The former thus includes the persons who is are addressed, while the latter excludes any addressee. For examples, see the preceding sections. I N M ORI THE TWO ARE NEVER CONFUSED . A pronoun of the first person plural inclusive must sometimes be translated as ‘one’. It is the true Mori equivalent of this indefinite pronoun. Examples include: [p. 111] ba to-mo’ipi i-lulu kita ambau if 1 PLN - PART :dream 3 SG -follow 1 PLN carabao ‘if one dreams that a carabao follows him…’ ba to-lako melowo ka i-pom-pondondo if 1 PLN -go PART :fish.in.shallow.water and 3 SG - TRI -tap tandawilatu, kita tedoa mo-’ala bou woodpecker 1 PLN . FUT very PART : TRI -get fish ‘when one goes fishing in very shallow water, and there knocks a woodpecker, then one will catch very many fish’ nahi moiko ke to-tingko-o? NEG good INTERROG 1 PLN -knock-3 SG ‘is it not good permissible for one to just hit it?’ 44 [footnote 2, p. 110] The power of lumako ‘go’ is often so weakened, that one can no longer speak of an inchoative; compare footnote 1, p. 103. 45 [footnote 3, p. 110] Concerning nae as a particle, see § 163. nahi tehine do-m-po’ia a n-torukuno andio, NEG long.time 3 PL - PL -live at LG -mountain this do-meng-kita-o-mo aasa robu-no tulambatu tuwu a m-puu 3 PL - PL -see-3 SG - PERF one shoot-3 SG . POS k.o.bamboo grow at LG -vicinity raha-n-i Numunuo; ba to-kopui-o nahi tiku house-3 SG . POS - PN Numunuo if 1 PLN -embrace-3 SG NEG reach.around ‘they had not lived long on the mountain, when they saw a tulambatu shoot growing on the premises of Numunuo’s house; when one embraced it with one’s arms, it could not be encircled’ in Mori the subject of nahi tiku are the arms, not the bamboo shoot One uses these forms especially when one speaks of something that applies in general, which thus also is said or, at any rate, could be said under other circumstances—compare the last example above with respect to speaker and addressee. But one naturally cannot use the first person plural inclusive as the equivalent of Dutch men, when men is used in the sense of ‘they, the people’, thereby referring to a group of people or also just one person from some other time or in a story. In that case third person plural pronouns are used. Otherwise, one can go quite far in the use of inclusive forms, further than the proper meaning allows, for example when a man speaks concerning women’s work and the such. Apart form the third person plural, the noun mia ‘persons, other people, the other people, “the people” ’ can also sometimes be translated by ‘one’. These expressions are not actual equivalents of Dutch men, because they still preserve the regular meaning, which is not the case with first person plural inclusive pronouns. In yet another respect is the use of first person plural pronouns broader than is the case with the corresponding Dutch pronoun men. Just as in related languages, there is a strong tendency in Mori to include if possible oneself or the addressee singular or plural with the other party in the conversation and therefore to use the inclusive pronoun. This is very regularly the case in commands or requests. Examples are: i-basa-basa-akita ma nae 46 2 PL - REDP -read- APPL :1 PLN EXHORT 3 SG . INDEP ‘go on, read it once for us me’ ala-akita koa ma nae mue get- APPL :1 PLN just EXHORT 3 SG . INDEP 2 SG . INDEP ‘come on, just fetch get it for us me’ maupo do-m-pom-pau-akita mia ba-hapa-hapa, even.though 3 PL - PL - TRI -speak- APPL :1 PLN person INDEF - REDP -what si to-lako me’ala-’ala-o NEG . IMPV 1 PLN -go PART :obey-3 SG ‘whatever they the people tell us, let US not go 47 adopt it’ exhortation to someone not to allow himself to be distracted or misled [p. 112] wainto kita-po ba nahi to-pom-pe’ala’ala andio poor.thing 1 PLN - INCOMP if NEG 1 PLN - TRI -obey this ‘it goes bad with us when we here are not obedient’ The last example would be said to a child, thus ‘it turns out badly with you, when you…’. The inclusive pronoun could also be translated here as ‘one’, just as it could be in the example given previously above, nahi moiko ke 46 [footnote 1, p. 111] Together the particles ma and nae can be rendered with ‘go on’, ‘come’. 47 [footnote 1, p. 112] See footnote 2, p. 110. totingkoo? ‘Is it not permitted that we incl. just hit it?’. The two extensions in the use of ontae, etc. thus do not lie very far from each other.

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