nalas kagan kabo Numbers Ex. 5 –15

48 Trade Language The prefix wala-wal- may be used in either the short or the long form in counting between one and four items. The long form, wala-, is used when the number is in focus, that is, when the number is the important part of the sentence. Only the long form, wala-, is used in counting five or more items. Examples 1. tule walpá tule walapá ‗three people‘

2. tule walbake tule walabake

‗four people‘

3. achu walanerkwa

‗six dogs‘

4. kukualed walaatal

‗five planes‘

5. mas walbake walabake

‗four plantains‘

6. puwal walpá walapá

‗three house poles‘

7. Pab Tummad walgwen chi.

‗One God exists.‘

8. mas walakugle

‗seven plantains‘ Exercise 5 . Drilling numerals frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the class repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the class repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. Examples Teacher: Tule walgwen nad. Student: Tule walgwen nad. Teacher: Tule walbo nad. Student: Tule walbo nad. 1. Tule walgwen nad. ‗One person went.‘ 2. Tule walbo nad. ‗Two people went.‘ 3. Tule walpá nad. ‗Three people went.‘ 4. Tule walbake nad. ‗Four people went.‘ 5. Tule walaatal nad. ‗Five people went.‘ 6. Tule walanerkwa nad. ‗Six people went.‘ 7. Tule walakugle nad. ‗Seven people went.‘ 8. Tule walapabak nad. ‗Eight people went.‘ 9. Tule walabakebak nad. ‗Nine people went.‘ 10. Tule walaambe nad. ‗Ten people went.‘ c Kwa- Kwa - is used in describing objects that are more or less round, such as fruits oranges and the sun. It is also used to count birds and insects. It is used for spools of thread, and kernels of rice. Examples 1. nalas kwanerkwa ‗six oranges‘

2. kallin kwabo

‗two chickens‘

3. kwi kwakugle

‗seven mosquitos‘

4. tub kwabo

‗two spools of thread‘

5. Tad kwagwenna chi.

19 ‗There is one sun.‘ Exercise 6 . Drilling numerals substitution frame drill Using the frame, the teacher counts one and the student repeats one. The teacher and student count two through ten in unison. This exercise should be repeated several times. 19 kwagwenna is the long form of kwagwen ‗one‘ used in this case for emphasis. 5.4 Grammar 49 Example Teacher: Kallin kwagwen ukcha. Student: Kallin kwagwen ukcha. 1. Kallin kwagwen ukcha. ‗He sold one chicken.‘ 2. Kallin kwabo ukcha. ‗He sold two chickens.‘ 3. Kallin kwapá ukcha. ‗He sold three chickens.‘ 4. Kallin kwabake ukcha. ‗He sold four chickens.‘ 5. Kallin kwaatal ukcha. ‗He sold five chickens.‘ 6. Kallin kwanerkwa ukcha. ‗He sold six chickens.‘ 7. Kallin kwakugle ukcha. ‗He sold seven chickens.‘ 8. Kallin kwapabak ukcha. ‗He sold eight chickens.‘ 9. Kallin kwabakebak ukcha. ‗He sold nine chickens.‘ 10. Kallin kwaambe ukcha. ‗He sold ten chickens.‘ d Mata- Mata - is used to describe flat and laminated objects such as boards, sheets of paper, and books; it is also used for bead necklaces or a set of wrist beads. Examples 1. karta matabo ‗two books‘

2. ulgo matabo

‗two boards‘

3. wini matabake

‗four bead necklaces‘ Exercise 7 . Drilling numerals substitution frame drill Using the frame, the teacher counts one and the student repeats one. The teacher and student count two through ten in unison. This exercise should be repeated several times. Example Teacher: Kwaderno matagwen pakpi. Student: Kwaderno matagwen pakpi. Teacher and Student in unison: Kwaderno matagwen pakpi. 1. Kwaderno matagwen pakpi. ‗He wants to buy one notebook.‘ 2. Kwaderno matabo pakpi. ‗He wants to buy two notebooks.‘ 3. Kwaderno matapá pakpi. ‗He wants to buy three notebooks.‘ 4. Kwaderno matabake pakpi. ‗He wants to buy four notebooks.‘ 5. Kwaderno mataatal pakpi. ‗He wants to buy five notebooks.‘ 6. Kwaderno matanerkwa pakpi. ‗He wants to buy six notebooks.‘ 7. Kwaderno matakugle pakpi. ‗He wants to buy seven notebooks.‘ 8. Kwaderno matapabak pakpi. ‗He wants to buy eight notebooks.‘ 9. Kwaderno matabakebak pakpi. ‗He wants to buy nine notebooks.‘ 10. Kwaderno mataambe pakpi. ‗He wants to buy ten notebooks.‘ e Koa-ko- Koa -ko- applies to articles viewed in fixed lengths such as skirts, hammocks, blouses and shirts. Portions of meat are also counted with the prefix koa-ko-. The short form ko- is used for items numbering between one and three. The long form koa- is used to describe items numbering four or more. Examples 1a. sabured kogwen ‗one skirt‘

b. sabured koanerkwa

‗six skirts‘ 2a. kachi kobo ‗two hammocks‘

b. kachi koakugle

‗seven hammocks‘