Conditional with –le Ex. 12

180 Social Interaction 3. An mas tuele, an aros tuo. ‗If I cook food, I‘ll cook rice.‘ 4. An mas kunnele, an arri chan kunno. ‗If I eat food, I‘ll eat iguana meat.‘ 5. Pe chapurbal neele, an bebak nao. ‗If you go to the jungle, I‘ll go with you.‘

14.4.6 Purpose suffix -gal-kal Ex. 13 –15

The purposive suffix -gal-kal is added to the verb stem of a purpose clause in order to express the purpose for the action of the independent sentence. It may also be added to certain verbs to form a noun which serves as the tool with which to perform the action of the verb. There are three types of purpose clauses; a straightforward explanation of the purpose of the action in the main clause, a reference to the event that it is hoped will be precipitated by the action in the main clause, and a reference to the event which it is hoped will be prevented by the action in the main clause. 14.4.6.1 Purpose clause - explanation of action One type of purpose clause is formed by adding the purposive suffix -gal-kal to the verb stem of the purpose clause. This type of purpose construction is used to give a straightforward explanation of the purpose or desired goal of the action in the independent sentence. It parallels the English construction, ―He went shopping to buy shoes. ‖ In this construction, the focus is on the independent sentence. The speaker wishes to express one main idea, but adds the purpose construction to give additional background information. Hence, the purpose clause does not advance the listener to the next step in the storyexplanationargument, but rather gives the motive for the main action. Although a purpose clause may occur in the adverbial position in a sentence, it usually occurs at the end of a sentence in the postpredicate position see 17.4.1. Examples 1. Machimal ya akinai, ti ariogal. ‗The boys are digging a ditch hole, to let the water flow out.‘ 2a. Nandin mol makcha, manigin ukegal. ‗Mother sewed a blouse to sell for money.‘

b. Nandin manigin ukegal mol makcha.

‗Mother sewed the blouse to sell it for money.‘ When the subject andor object of the purpose clause is the same as that of the independent sentence, it is not repeated in the purpose clause. Example An mol pakcha, nanga ukegal. ‗I bought cloth for me to give it to Mother.‘ However, if the subject of the main clause becomes the indirect object of the purpose clause, it must be repeated with the suffix -ga-ka. Example An ina pakcha, nan anka madu chobgal. ‗I bought yeast, for Mother to make bread for me.‘ 14.4.6.2 Purpose clause - event precipitated by action of independent sentence Another type of purpose clause expresses the event which, it is hoped, will be precipitated by the action in the independent sentence. This clause begins with meke ‗in order that‘ and the purposive suffix -gal-kal is added to the verb. The purpose clause marked by meke ‗in order to‘ focusses more attention on the purpose than on the main action. It expresses the desired outcome or result as yet unfulfilled of the main action. It is part of the mainline information and advances the storyexplanationargument another step in the logical progression. The meke form of a purpose clause almost always occurs in the postpredicate position. Even though the subject may be the same in both clauses, it must be stated in both clauses. 14.4 Grammar 181 Examples 1. Antin pe pabga mani palmine, meke adin Panamaje taggal. ‗I am going to send money to your father, in order that he will come to Panama.‘ 2. Antin immis mani amine, meke an pan nabir immal pakegal. ‗I am going to get money today, so that I can buy some things tomorrow.‘ In order to understand the change of focus given by the use of the word meke, contrast Example 1 above with the following sentence, in which the purpose of sending money is explained, rather than focussing on the goal of having your father come to Panama. Example Antin pe pabga mani palmine, adin Panamaje taggal. ‗I am going to send money to your father, tofor him to come to Panama.‘

14.4.6.3 Purpose clause - event prevented by independent sentence action

This third type of purpose clause expresses the event which, it is hoped, will be avertedprevented by the action in the independent sentence. This clause begins with the adverb melle ‗don‘t‘ and the purposive suffix -gal-kal is added to the verb. This parallels the English construction ―in order not to....‖ Example Pe anka chogo, melle an igegal. ‗You tell me, in order that I will not forget.‘ Exercise 13 . Purposive suffix -gal-kal frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. Example Teacher: Sagla mani ukcha, ob pakegal. Student: Sagla mani ukcha, ob pakegal. 1. Sagla mani ukcha, ob pakegal. ‗The chief gave me money in order to buy corn.‘ 2. An ne, immal pakegal. ‗I am going, in order to buy something.‘ 3. Machimal ya kinai, ti ariogal. ‗The boys are digging a ditch, in order for the water to flow away.‘ 4. An akan amine, tad ul chobgal. ‗I am going to look for an axe in order for grandfather to make a canoe.‘ 5. An kal palmis, nudagal. ‗I sent the radio, in order to repair it.‘ Exercise 14 . Purposive suffix -gal-kal drill The teacher reads the pair of sentences. The student makes the second sentence into a purpose clause by using -gal-kal. Example Teacher: Machi kinki pakcha. Teacher: Machi immal amine Student: Machi kinki pakcha, immal aminegal. 1a. Machi kinki pakcha. ‗The young man bought a gun.‘ b. Machi immal amine. ‗The young man is going to go hunting.‘ 2a. Ome mol makcha. ‗The woman sewed a blouse.‘ b. Ome mol ukne. ‗The woman is going to sell the blouse.‘ 3a. Tad koe mecha. ‗The elder killed a deer.‘ b. Tad koe kunne. ‗The elder is going to eat the deer.‘ 4a. Tule tagar chwas. ‗The people gathered thatch.‘ b. Tule neg makne. ‗The people are going to thatch a house.‘ 5a. Machi nagwal chikcha. ‗The young man cut rushes.‘ b. Machi karpa chomne. ‗The young man is going to make a basket.‘