arradzhaled chiayob Colors Ex. 7 –10
8. kuturreged
40 ‗being grayed‘9. kinniddakleged
‗red looking‘ 9.4.3.5 Color questions In addition to content questions discussed in Section 4.4.3, there is a color question. A color question is used to inquire about the color of an object and is formed by the use of the word ¿Igid? ‗What color is it?‘ Examples 1. ¿Molde, igid? ‗The mola, what color is it?‘ 2. ¿Ulde, igid? ‗The canoe, what color is it?‘ 3. ¿Mol igid? ‗What color cloth?‘ Exercise 7 . Pure color drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it. The student repeats Sentence 1, changing to the -ne ‗going to ...‘ form. The student then repeats Sentence 1, changing to the -cha ‗completed aspect‘ form. The teacher says Sentence 2, etc. Example Teacher: An mol kinnid pakpi. Student: An mol kinnid pakpi. Student: An mol kinnid pakne. Student: An mol kinnid pakcha. 1. An mol kinnid pakpi. ‗I want to buy red cloth.‘ 2. An mol kollo pakpi. ‗I want to buy yellow cloth.‘ 3. An mol arrad pakpi. ‗I want to buy bluegreen cloth.‘ 4. An mol chibu pakpi. ‗I want to buy white cloth.‘ 5. An mol chichid pakpi. ‗I want to buy black cloth.‘ Exercise 8 . Equivalent color suffix drill The teacher says the shade of Color Suffix 1 below. Then the teacher says the colors A –E one by one. The student adds Suffix 1 to each of the colors said by the teacher. The teacher says the shade of Color Suffix 2. Then the teacher says the colors A –E one by one. The student adds Suffix 2 to each of the colors said by the teacher, etc. Examples Teacher: -gwad Teacher: chibu Student: chibugwad Teacher: chichid Student: chichigwad Teacher: kinnid Student: kinnigwad Teacher: -takleged Teacher: chibu Student: chibutakleged Teacher: chichid Student: chichitakleged 1. -gwad A. chibu 2. -takleged B. chichid 3. -yob C. kinnid 40 kuturre ‗gray-black‘ becomes kuturru before -gwad, but remains kuturre before -ged. 9.4 Grammar 111 4. -tiki D. kollo E. arrad Exercise 9 . Color question drill The teacher inserts one of the words below into the frame. The student responds by asking a color question, using the word the teacher said. The teacher replies to the student by inserting the word used modified by one of the colors A –E. This exercise may be repeated with the role of teacher and student reversed. Example Teacher: An mol nika. Student: ¿Mol igid? Teacher: An mol kinnid nika. Frame Teacher: An ____ nika. Student: ¿____ igid? Teacher: An noun color nika. 1. mol ‗blouse‘ A. kinnid ‗red‘ 2. ul ‗canoe‘ B. kollogwad ‗yellow‘ 3. yogal ‗shirt‘ C. arrad ‗blue‘ 4. karta ‗book‘ D. chibu ‗white‘ 5. atued ‗blanket‘ E. chichid ‗black‘ 6. sapat ‗shoes‘ 7. achu ‗dog‘ 8. moli ‗horsetapir‘ Exercise 10 . Shade of intensity naming drill Each student should obtain a color sample chart from a local paint dealer. The student should write the names of ten of the colors on the chart. The color names assigned to paint samples should subsequently be discussed in class.9.4.4 Attributive sentence Ex. 11 –14
The Kuna formation of an attributive sentence differs from the SpanishEnglish equivalent, el está chiquito ‗he is small ‘ in that only the noun and adjective are used; the verb serestar ‗to be‘ is omitted. Example Ul toto. ‗The canoe is small.‘ 9.4.4.1 Intonation of the attributive sentence The intonation pattern of an attributive sentence differs from that of a transitive or intransitive statement. There is a pause between the noun and the adjective. The pitch of the final syllable of the noun is raised, and the pitch of the final syllable of the adjective is lowered. Exercise 11 . Attributive frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. The intonation is the crucial part of this drill. Examples Teacher: Machi orojuli. Student: Machi orojuli. Teacher: Kukualed totojuli. Student: Kukualed totojuli. 1. Machi orojuli. ‗The boy is very tall.‘ 2. Kukualed totojuli. ‗The plane is large.‘ 3. Mimmi ye. ‗The baby is sick.‘ 4. Akwa chellele. ‗The rock is hard.‘ 5. Tule chered. ‗The Kuna person is old.‘Parts
» LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» ulu Pronunciation of individual vowel and lenis consonant sounds
» Mai versus chi Use of personal pronouns The first and second person personal pronouns an
» Dialogue Vocabulary LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Pronunciation of individual fortis consonant sounds Ex. 4 –8
» Vowel length Ex. 9 Pronunciation
» Distinguishing between fortis and lenis consonants Ex. 10 –27
» Consonant clusters Ex. 28 Pronunciation
» Word order Ex. 29 –30 Grammar
» Intonation patterns of questions and answers Ex. 4 –10
» tada Pronunciation of consonants at the beginning of a word
» kobe Pronunciation of consonants at the beginning of a word
» chobe Pronunciation of consonants at the beginning of a word
» sagla Pronunciation of consonants at the beginning of a word
» mama Pronunciation of consonants at the beginning of a word
» nana Pronunciation of consonants at the beginning of a word
» lele Pronunciation of consonants at the beginning of a word
» Pronunciation of monosyllabic words Ex. 11
» Dialogue Culture LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Intransitive sentence word order
» Vocabulary LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Pronunciation of consonants at the end of words Ex. 3
» zhw is pronounced like su in
» mw does not occur in English, but there should be no difficulty in producing this sound.
» kw is pronounced almost like cu in cuarto
» gw is pronounced almost like gu in agua
» tw is pronounced almost like tu in santuario
» dw is pronounced almost like du in Eduardo
» chw is pronounced almost like chu in tachuela
» Verb tense in completive aspect Verb form in completive aspect Ex. 8 –10
» Confirmation please repeat questions
» Dialogue LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Conversation Listing Pronunciation and Intonation Ex. 1 –4
» aktigal kabo Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» tagar kabo Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» karta kabo Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» nalas kagan kabo Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» achu walanerkwa Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» kukualed walaatal Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» mas walbake walabake Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» puwal walpá walapá Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» mas walakugle Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» kallin kwabo Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» kwi kwakugle Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» Tad kwagwenna chi. Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» ulgo matabo Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» wini matabake Numbers Ex. 5 –15
» Culture sabured koanerkwa LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» kachi koakugle LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» yogal koapabak LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» mol koaambe LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» chan koanerkwa LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» chowal chaglanerkwa LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» chia chaglakugle LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» kunnu chaglapabak LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» ogob chaglabakebak LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Listing Things and events in Kuna are listed in their long form, and the conjunction tegine
» Conversational intonation Ex. 1 –2 Disclaimer nothing-special-is-happening response Ex. 3
» Pointing Counting with fingers
» Eswal mai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Aktigal mai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Karpa chi. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Nalas chi. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Kan chi. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Pude chi. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Esmed chi. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Kachi nai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Kukualed nai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Choul nai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Nuzha ampa nai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Yannu ampa nai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Pagla kwichi. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Achu wegin un. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Mol mai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Mol chi. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Mol pukwa. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Machi mai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Mu chi. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Pun chi. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Machi chi. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Pedro saglaga mai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Alvaro tummadga mai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Juan, Luisbal nai. Positional verbs Ex. 4 –5
» Present progressive tense-aspect Ex. 6 –9
» Dialogue Mimmi kabzhi. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Wag kabgwis. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Disclaimer nothing-special-is-happening response Ex. 10
» Unit price intonation pattern Ex. 4 –5
» Culture LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» tagar kukbo Numbers Ex. 6 –19
» tagar kukukugle Numbers Ex. 6 –19
» Kaie negchaled tanpá. Numbers Ex. 6 –19
» Nagwal tananerkwa. Numbers Ex. 6 –19
» Illustrated comparisons of Group I and Group III number prefixes
» Money units Ostigid libergwen.
» Mol tarpabak. maniatal Numbers Ex. 6 –19
» olmanitulagwen kakaambe Numbers Ex. 6 –19
» tummibo pirkaambe Numbers Ex. 6 –19
» ni walanerkwa Numbers Ex. 6 –19
» Response by repetition Pronunciation and Intonation
» Yielding-the-floor response Ex. 1 –4 Pronunciation and Intonation
» Aspects of topographical features
» Locative adverbs Adverbs of location which usually occur without a stated reference point
» Pronunciation: Tracking and Mimicry Ex. 1 –3
» Word order of a noun phrase Ex. 4 –5
» cheredzhuli nuedzhuli LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» kollojuli totojuli tummajuli LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» muiduli LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» istarchuli LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» arradzhaled chiayob Colors Ex. 7 –10
» Attributive sentence Ex. 11 –14 olobijuli
» Existence sentence Ex. 15 olobijuli
» Quantity 39 –42 Useful expressions 43 –45 Vocabulary
» Pronunciation Ex. 1 –3 LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Nan mas tune. Verb tense-aspect future Ex. 4 –7
» Nan mas tuo. Verb tense-aspect future Ex. 4 –7
» Eswal ilagin kwichio. Verb tense-aspect future Ex. 4 –7
» Including an additional participant in an action Ex. 8 –9
» An machiga chogzha. Indirect object Ex. 14
» Pronunciation: Intonation of Conversation Sustainers Ex. 1 –3
» Establishment of topic Ex. 4
» Sustaining the topic Grammar
» Pan an ne. ‗I am going tomorrow.‘
» An pedu ne. ‗I‘m going to go on ahead of you.‘
» An pe cholbal ne. ‗I‘m going to go after you.‘
» Mas kunnoedgin iti ina kobo.
» An kinki elisgu an immal aminad.
» Pronunciation Ex. 1 –2 LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Extended use of -gad-kad -gad-kad is used in the sense of
» tulegan Concept of pluralization Ex. 6 –18
» yannumal Concept of pluralization Ex. 6 –18
» omemal LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» nanmal LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» nanzhelmal LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» ¿Igi kude? Verb ku ‘to happenbecome’
» ¿Igi kunani? Verb ku ‘to happenbecome’
» ¿Igi kudi? Verb ku ‘to happenbecome’
» ¿Igi kus? Verb ku ‘to happenbecome’
» ¿Igi an kuo? Verb ku ‘to happenbecome’
» ¿Igi ankin kuo? Verb ku ‘to happenbecome’
» Teob kus. Verb ku ‘to happenbecome’
» Tegin tar mecha. ‗Then he killed it.‘
» Change-of-topic marker te choggudina Te
» Te ulal pe anka akan pid pakena That’s exactly why you have to buy me another one.‘
» Pronunciation Ex. 1 –4 LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Preparatory aspect –chogal-zhogal-jogal Ex. 7–8
» Habitual aspect condition Ex. 9 –10
» Response to the habitual aspect condition Ex. 11
» Purpose suffix -gal-kal Ex. 13 –15
» turwigal LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Pedro saglaje ekisbi. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» An saglaga pegin chogzha. ‗I told the chief about you.‘
» An saglaga pebal chogzha. ‗I told the chief what you said.‘
» An saglaje pegin ekichis. ‗I asked the chief about you in general, How are
» Direct speech An saglaje pebal ekichis. ‗I asked the chief about what you said.‘
» Verbs of thinking An saglaje pebal ekichis. ‗I asked the chief about what you said.‘
» Exclusive action adverb unila ‘only’ Ex. 28
» Vocabulary Dialogue LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Intonation of commands Ex.1 –2
» Very polite commands ¡Kwiskuma ‗I told you to stand up‘
» Indirect command The word meke
» Pemal, anche tagmalo. Commands: DirectPolite Ex. 3 –21
» Pemal, wis negwelmalo. Commands: DirectPolite Ex. 3 –21
» Uadin, toto chul. Negatives Ex. 22 –30
» Culture Ampayo. ‗Not yet.‘ Vocabulary
» ¡Tage Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» Eye. Natab. Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» Tago, tegil. Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» Pe nao. Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» Eye, an natab. Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» Pan, pe tagbalo. Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» An tanibal. Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» Carlos anche tani. Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» Eye, peje natap. Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» Carlos peje ne. Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» Eye, anche tani. Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» Carlos anmalzhe tani. Motion verbs Ex. 5 –13
» An pirkal tani. ‗I‘ve come but not to stay.‘
» An meg tani. ‗I‘ve come to overnight.‘
» Story-telling intonation Ex. 1 –3 Pronunciation
» Good story-telling style Pronunciation
» Dialogue Toas, an imas. ‗Bang I shot it.‘
» ¡Motok Mer-mer-mer-mer pes. ‗Thud His wings went whir-whir-whir-whir.‘
» Ul tummad noni; ul chichidi. ‗A big canoe arrived; a black canoe.‘
» Peripheral element omitted in the main clause and unexpanded in the postpredicate position
» An mol ukcha; nanga. ‗I gave the cloth to Mother.‘
» An ne; mutik. ‗I am going tonight.‘
» Koe un; chapurbal. ‗A deer is in the jungle.‘
» An ne; negzhe. ‗I am going to go home.‘
» Machi ne; kueye-kueye. ‗The boy is going to go quickly.‘
» Machi ua ukcha; nanga. ‗The boy gave the fish to Mother.‘
» Machi nanga ua ukcha; nanga. ‗The boy gave Mother the fish.‘
» Machi achu parpad mecha; achu tummadi.
» Culture Vocabulary LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» kobed LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Positional verb of motion Ex. 6 In Lesson 6, the positional verbs mai
» Mas chike. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Chapurbal ne; antin. ‗I am going to the jungle.‘
» Nad; Luisdin. ‗Louis, went.‘
» Monologue LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Machergandin nabir we tak. ‗The men are allowed to look at that.‘
» Tegin antin kannan negzhe nadzhun. ‗Consequently I went back home.‘
» odurta okun ogob LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Melle neg chobgal machi imako.
» Machi chikles. Impersonal passive suffix -le-lle Ex. 13
» Koe makles. Impersonal passive suffix -le-lle Ex. 13
» We nugu kullege. Impersonal passive suffix -le-lle Ex. 13
» An obap. Habitual behavior aspect
» Ome mas chuap. Habitual behavior aspect
» An tulemalzhe ekisap. Habitual behavior aspect
» Folktale LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Pronunciation Ex. 1 –4 Culture LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Pablo te mecha. ‗Paul killed it that same one.‘
» An te ukcha. ‗I sold it that same one.‘
» Amal. Indefinite and indeterminate pronouns .1 Indefinite pronouns
» General principles used in construction of more common contrary-to-fact sentences
» Machi eswal tub nikujalen, ua chwajan.
» An Payche arpiilen, Luis takchan. An neelen, an wartikuoen.
» An motor pin nikalen, an Panamaje naoen
» Machi toto kammaiilen, tadbak nadzhulin
» Mol webal naiilen, wartikunen.
» Wishing optative An mol pakneelen, an pega pakmogoen.
» ¿Piawa? ‗Where could it possibly be?‘
» ¿Inkwawa? ‗When could it possibly happen?‘
» ¿Ibiwa? ‗What‘s wrong? Lit.: What possibly?‘
» A yannudin igalgin mellemai. ‗That peccary was sprawled out on the trail.‘ Vocabulary
» Long forms LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Tegine makchabal. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» e., not: words LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Reason LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Problem Speaking only Kuna will increase cultural stress.
» The necessity of setting a limit to the exceptions
» Opportunities LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Methods LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Noting the setting LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Gestures Note the accompanying gestures and facial expressions.
» Language learning expressions LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Eliciting information138 LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Correcting It is important that the people correct you all the time. Now this is hard to do.
» Keep going LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Evaluate yourself LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Living LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Time LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna
» Planning your contacts with people
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