Vowel length Ex. 9 Pronunciation

14 Basic Needs Expressed: Food And Shelter 7. nika ‗have‘ 8. uko ‗will givesell‘ 9. olli ‗mud‘ 10. alle ‗laugh‘ 11. amma ‗aunt‘ 12. mimmi ‗baby‘ 13. kunne ‗going to eat‘ see 2.2.6 14. panne ‗hummingbird‘ 15. arri ‗iguana‘ 16. marra ‗guavajungle ice cream a species of fruit‘ 17. kissi ‗sap of a tree‘

2.2.5 Distinguishing between fortis and lenis consonants Ex. 10 –27

The distinction between fortis and lenis consonants in normal conversation is often difficult to hear. Two clues may help: a. The quality of the consonant Listen for the articulation of the consonant. Is it tense? The tense articulation indicates a fortis consonant. Is it relaxed? The relaxed articulation indicates a lenis consonant. b. The quality of the vowel Listen for the vowel length. Is the vowel clipped short? A short vowel accompanies a fortis consonant. Is the vowel drawn out? A lengthened vowel usually accompanies a lenis consonant. Exercise 10 . Distinguishing between lenis b and fortis p The teacher says the list of words inserting either A: naba or B: napa in position 5. The student must say whether choice A or choice B was inserted. 1. apa ‗boa‘ A: naba ‗gourd‘ 2. tapa ‗bushmaster‘ B: napa ‗earth‘ 3. tupu ‗island‘ 4. chapi ‗tree‘ 5. A or B 6. epis ‗to count‘ Exercise 11 . Distinguishing between lenis b and fortis p The teacher says the list of words inserting either A: naba or B: napa in position 5. The student must say whether choice A or choice B was inserted. 1. abe ‗blood‘ A: naba ‗gourd‘ 2. paba ‗father‘ B: napa ‗earth‘ 3. tuba ‗rope, thread‘ 4. tubi ‗want to cook‘ 5. A or B 6. chabe ‗to keepstore‘ Exercise 12 . Distinguishing between lenis d and fortis t The teacher says the list of words inserting either A: madu or B: matu in position 5. The student must say whether choice A or choice B was inserted. 1. nade ‗went‘ A: madu ‗bread‘ 2. ede ‗he himself‘ B: matu ‗palm trunk‘ 3. pedin ‗you on the other hand‘ 2.2 Pronunciation 15 4. chedo ‗late afternoon‘ 5. A or B 6. pude ‗bottle‘ Exercise 13 . Distinguishing between lenis d and fortis t The teacher says the list of words inserting either A: madu or B: matu in position 5. The student must say whether choice A or choice B was inserted. 1. ata ‗to respect‘ A: madu ‗bread‘ 2. mata ‗lake‘ B: matu ‗palm trunk‘ 3. mete ‗to throw away‘ 4. iti ‗this‘ 5. A or B 6. utu ‗to inject‘ Exercise 14 . Distinguishing between lenis g and fortis k The teacher says the list of words inserting either A: naga or B: naka in position 5. The student must say whether choice A or choice B was inserted. 1. chaka ‗parent-in-law‘ A: naga ‗foot‘ 2. iko ‗thornneedle‘ B: naka ‗mouth of river‘ 3. nika ‗to have‘ 4. uko ‗will sellgive‘ 5. A or B 6. akan ‗axe‘ Exercise 15 . Distinguishing between lenis g and fortis k The teacher says the list of words inserting either A: tage or B: take in position 5. The student must say whether choice A or choice B was inserted. 1. naga ‗foot‘ A: tage ‗to come‘ 2. nega ‗house‘ B: take ‗to see‘ 3. chiga ‗beard‘ 4. choge ‗to say‘ 5. A or B 6. mage ‗to paint‘ Exercise 16 . Distinguishing between lenis zh and fortis ch The teacher says the list of words inserting either A: achu or B: azhu in position 5. The student must say whether choice A or choice B was inserted. 1. machi ‗boy‘ A: achu ‗dog‘ 2. ochi ‗sweet‘ B: azhu ‗nose‘ 3. kucha ‗ate‘ 4. acha ‗honey‘ 5. A or B 6. kachi ‗hammock‘ Exercise 17 . Distinguishing between lenis zh and fortis ch The teacher says the list of words inserting either A: nuchu or B: nuzhu in position 5. The student must say whether choice A or choice B was inserted.