tummibo pirkaambe Numbers Ex. 6 –19

7.4 Grammar 81 Examples Teacher: An tummipá megne. Student: An tummipá megne. Teacher: iba- Student: An ibapá megne. Teacher: An ibapá megne. Student: An ibapá megne. Teacher: -bake Student: An ibabake megne. Frame An tummipá megne. ‗I‘m going to stay three weeks.‘ 1. iba- ‗day‘ 2. -bake ‗four‘ 3. tummi- ‗week‘ 4. -atal ‗five‘ 5. pirka- ‗year‘ 6. -nerkwa ‗six‘ 7. iba- ‗day‘ 8. -kugle ‗seven‘ 9. -bo ‗two‘ 10. -pabak ‗eight‘ 2 Months The time-related number phrase used to describe months differs from other time-related number phrases and parallels the number phrases used for Group I and Group II number prefixes see 5.4.1.3. The Kuna word for ―month‖ is ni. Ni ‗month‘ is a concrete noun which comes from the word ni ‗moon‘. Since Kunas personalize the word ni ‗moonmonth‘, the Group I number prefix wal-wala- is used in the number phrase. The time-related number phrase for month is formed by ni + wal- + basic number stem. Examples 1. ni walpá ‗three months‘

2. ni walanerkwa

‗six months‘ Exercise 16 . Time-related prefix substitution frame drill The teacher says the frame and the student repeats it. The teacher selects a basic number stem from the list below. The student substitutes the selected basic number stem into the frame. Frame Ni walbogin an ne. ‗I am going in two months.‘ 1. -bo ‗two‘ 2. -pá ‗three‘ 3. -bake ‗four‘ 4. -atal ‗five‘ 5. -nerkwa ‗six‘ 6. -kugle ‗seven‘ 7. -pabak ‗eight‘ 8. -bakebak ‗nine‘ 9. -ambe ‗ten‘ 10. -ambe kakagwenchak ‗eleven‘ Exercise 17 . Time-related prefix substitution frame drill The teacher says the frame and the student repeats it. The teacher selects a time-related prefix from the list below and says it. The student substitutes the selected time-related prefix into the frame. 82 Buying and Selling Example Teacher: Achu ibapá nika. Student: Achu ibapá nika. Teacher: ni Student: Achu ni walpá nika. Frame Achu ibapá nika. ‗The puppy dog is three days old.‘ 1. ni ‗month‘ 2. -bake ‗four‘ 3. tummi- ‗week‘ 4. -bo, ‗two‘ 5. pirka- ‗year‘ 6. -gwen ‗one‘ 7. iba- ‗day‘ 8. -nerkwa ‗six‘ 3 Hours Hours in a day may be referred to by time words formed from the time-related prefix wachil- ‗o‘clock‘ or by the use of a specific time word. Specific hours may be described by a time-related number which is formed by adding a basic number stem to the time-related prefix wachil- ‗o‘clock‘: wachil- + basic number stem. This description of time is closely associated with the actual time on a clock. Examples 1. wachilpá ‗three o‘clock‘

2. wachilkugle

‗seven o‘clock‘ Half hours are described by using the time-related number eg ‗and‘ + abal ‗half‘. Example wachilbo eg abal ‗two-thirty o‘clock‘ Irregular times tend to be described with a combination of Kuna and Spanish loan words. A Kuna time-related number describes the hour. Minutes are described by either using the Spanish loan word minuto as a prefix to a basic number stem, or by using the basic number stem alone. Examples 1. wachilbo minutoambe kakaatal ‗2:15‘ 2. wachilbo tulagwen kakaatal ‗2:25‘ 3. wachilpá minutoatal ‗3:05‘ 4. wachilbake tulabo kakaatal ‗4:45‘ Irregular time-related phrases for times past the half hour can be shortened somewhat by using a phrase: minuto- + basic number stem + napi ‗short of‘ + wachil- + basic number stem + kugal ‗to become‘. Examples 1. minutoatal napi wachilbo kugal ‗five minutes short of two o‘clock1:55‘ 2. minutoambe kakaatal napi wachilpá kugal ‗fifteen minutes short of three o‘clock2:45‘ Exercise 18 . Time-related prefix changed frame drill The teacher says Phrase 1 and the student repeats it. The teacher and the student repeat Phrase 1 in unison. The same is done for the succeeding sentences. Example Teacher: wachilgwen Student: wachilgwen Teacher and Student in unison: wachilgwen