Mas kunnoedgin iti ina kobo.

154 Event Time-Communication Examples 1. An nan taknedgin, Pedro cho chikne. ‗When I am going to go and see my mother, Peter is going to go cut firewood.‘ 2. Marla mas tunedgin, an omne. ‗When Mary is going to cook, I am going to bathe.‘ Event A future aspect occurring with Event B future aspect If Event A will take place at some unspecified time ―sometime‖ in the future when the Event B activity will take place, both events use the future aspect verb suffix -o-oe. The independent prior condition suffix -dgin is added to the long form of the future aspect suffix -oe. Examples 1. Mas kunnoedgin, iti ina kobo. ‗Sometime later when he is will be eating, he will take the medicine.‘ 2. An ol pakoedgin, an mol tako. ‗Sometime later when I will buy a nose ring, I will look at cloth.‘ Event A habitualcompletive aspect verb occurring with Event B gerundive verb form Habitual activity in Event A is usually indicated by the gerundive form see XVIII.D.3 of the Event A verb. Occasionally, however, the completed aspect suffix in the Event A clause occurs with the gerundive form of the Event B verb. Examples 1. An immal amiedgin, an koe tak. ‗On hunting animals, deer are seen.‘ 2. Cho chikedgin, Pablo machi takcha. ‗On cutting wood, Paul saw a boy.‘ Exercise 17 . Independent prior condition frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. Example Teacher: Mas kunchidgin an machiga chogzha. Student: Mas kunchidgin an machiga chogzha. 1. Mas kunchidgin an machiga chogzha. ‗While I was eating some food, I told the boy.‘ 2. An kukualedgin kukunaidgin an mas kunne. ‗While I am will be flying in the airplane, I‘m going to eat some food.‘ 3. Mas eminaidgin an chikles. ‗While I was weeding the plantain palms, I cut myself. ‘ 4. Sagla chogchadgin an nad. ‗When the chief had spoken, I left.‘ 5. Mol pakchadgin an nad. ‗When I had bought the mola, I left.‘ 6. Mas kunnedgin an nad. ‗When he went to eat, I left.‘ Exercise 18 . Independent prior condition drill The teacher says the sentence and the student changes the sentence to a subordinate sentence with -dgin and adds the independent sentence An ne. ‗I‘m going to go.‘ This exercise should be repeated substituting An nad. ‗I went.‘ for An ne. ‗I‘m going to go.‘ b Dependent prior condition On occasion, the performance of Event A is dependent on Event B happening for its fulfillment. Examples 1. ―When the taxi comes, Paul will leave in it.‖ 2. ―When I have finished the mola, I will sell it to you.‖ In Example 1, for some reason, it is essential that Paul leave in the taxi. Because he must leave in the taxi, he cannot leave until the taxi arrives. That is to say, Paul ‘s leaving Event A is dependent on the arrival of the taxi Event B for it to be able to happen. 12.4 Grammar 155 In Example 2, presumably, it is necessary to finish the mola before you can sell it. Hence the fulfillment of Event A is dependent on the completion of Event B. Kunas not only distinguish between independent and dependent prior conditions, they also use different suffixes for past or future dependent conditions. Future dependent prior condition When the future Event A is dependent on Event B for its fulfillment, the future dependent prior condition suffix -l is added to the Event B verb. The Event B verb uses the completive aspect or immediate future aspect form. The completive suffix -s becomes -ja before the future dependent prior condition suffix -l. The Event A verb uses the immediate future aspect or future aspect form of the verb or the command form see 15.4.1. Examples 1. Kukualed tanikil an ne. ‗When the plane comes, I ‘m going in it.‘ ← Event B → ← Event A → From the above example, we are to understand that ―I‖ for some reason must go in the plane. Therefore it is necessary that the plane come Event B before I may leave Event A. That is to say, ―my‖ leaving is dependent on the arrival of the plane.

2. Pe igal emijal an ne.

‗When you have cleared the trail, I will go.‘ ← Event B → ← Event A → From the above example, we are to understand that for some reason possibly the trail at the moment is so overgrown that travel is impossible, the trail must be cleared Event B before ―I‖ may travel Event A. That is to say, ―my‖ leaving Event A is dependent on the clearing of the trail Event B. Exercise 19 . Future dependent prior condition frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. Example Teacher: Pe kamnel ina pel kobo. Student: Pe kamnel ina pel kobo. 1. Pe kamnel ina pel kobo. ‗When you are going to go to sleep, drink all of the medicine.‘ 2. Pe mas kunnel an karta apchone. ‗When you are going to eat food, I‘m going to read a book.‘ 3. Pe mas kuchal an karta apchone. ‗When you have eaten food, I‘m going to read a book.‘ 4. Kukualed tanikil an ne. ‗When the airplane comes, I‘m going to go.‘ 5. Pe immal aminel an nemo. ‗When you go hunting, I‘m going to go too.‘ Exercise 20 . Future dependent prior condition frame drill The teacher says the sentence and the student changes it into a sentence which contains a future dependent prior conditional clause and adds the main clause an ne ‗I‘m going to go‘. This exercise should be repeated several times. Example Teacher: Pe mas kucha. Student: Pe mas kuchal an ne. 1. Pe mas kucha. ‗You ate food.‘ 2. Pe mol makne. ‗You are going to sew a blouse.‘ 3. Pe ua tune. ‗You are going to cook fish.‘ 4. Pe ul chobzha. ‗You made the canoe.‘ 5. Wag kallin pakcha. ‗The outsider bought the chicken.‘ 156 Event Time-Communication Exercise 21 . Future dependent prior condition spontaneous frame drill. Repeat Exercise 21, but use an independent sentence other than an ne ‗I‘m going to go‘. Exercise 22 . Completive aspect -s to -ja drill The teacher says the sentence and the student changes it into a sentence with a future dependent prior conditional clause adding a main clause an ne ‗I‘m going to go‘. Example Teacher: Pe ua tus. Student: Pe ua tujal an ne. 1. Pe ua tus. ‗You cooked the fish.‘ 2. Ti nos. ‗The river rose.‘ 3. Yannu nas. ‗The peccaries passed by.‘ 4. Pe ob chus. ‗You fetched the corn.‘ 5. Pe mol ches. ‗You took the blouse.‘ Past dependent prior condition When the past Event A was dependent on Event B for its fulfillment, the past dependent prior condition suffix -gu-ku is added to the Event B verb. -gu is used following lenis consonants and vowels, and -ku is used following fortis consonants. The completive suffix -cha-zha-ja-s may precede -gu-ku. Event A verb uses the completive aspect form. Examples 1. An negzhe nonigu an mas kucha. ‗When I arrived home, I ate some food. ‘ ← Event B → ← Event A → From the above example, we are to understand that for some reason, ―I‖ did not eat until I got home possibly ―I‖ had no food on the trip. That is to say, ―my‖ eating Event A was dependent on my arrival home Event B.

2. An kinki elisgu an immal aminad.

‗When I had cleaned the gun, I went hunting. ‘ ← Event B → ← Event A → From the above example, we are to understand that for some reason possibly the gun cannot shoot anymore until it is cleaned, ―I‖ cannot go hunting until the gun is cleaned. That is to say, ―my‖ going hunting Event A is dependent on ―my‖ cleaning the gun Event B. Exercise 23 . Past dependent prior condition frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. Examples Teacher: An mas kuchagu an nadbal. Student: An mas kuchagu an nadbal. 1. An mas kuchagu an nadbal. ‗Having eaten the food, I left.‘ 2. An mol makchagu an wagga ukcha. ‗Having sewed the blouse, I sold it to the outsider.‘ 3. An mas tusgu an machiga ukcha. ‗Having cooked the food, I gave it to the boy.‘ 4. An kallin pakchagu an nad. ‗Having bought the chicken, I left.‘ 5. An koe makchagu an nadbal. ‗Having shot the deer, I went on again.‘