Anmal pato mas kucha.

276 Classifications

20.4.3.1 Demonstrative adjectives

A demonstrative used as an adjective precedes the noun to which it refers. Often this personitem is not only topic, but is also being singled out or contrasted with another. In this case, the noun is suffixed with the topic marker -tin-din see Appendix E. Examples 1. Iti moldin nued. ‗This blouse is good.‘ 2. We esdin nugal nika. ‗This machete is sharp.‘ 3. Pe we tulega chogo. ‗Tell that person over there.‘ 20.4.3.2 Demonstrative adverbs The locative suffixes -gin-kin and -bal-pal see Section 8.4 may be attached to any of the demonstrative pronouns to give the connotation of a narrow or broad setting adverb. Examples 1. Es itigin mellemai. ‗The machete is lying around right here.‘ 2. Es wegin mellemai. ‗The machete is lying around right over there.‘ 3. Es webal mellemai. ‗The machete is lying around somewhere over there.‘ 20.4.3.3 Forward and backward reference to demonstration The suffix -ob 122 may be added to the demonstrative pronouns we ‗that‘ and te ‗that same‘ to express a concept similar to the English ―like that‖ or ―in that manner‖. Weob ‗like this‘ is used to refer forward to what is going to be said or demonstrated, or to what has just been demonstrated. Teob ‗like that‘ is used to refer backwards to what was said. Examples 1. Weob be imako. ‗Do it like this.‘ 2. Teob be imako. ‗Do it like that as I told you.‘ 20.4.3.4 Specific use of we and a in discourse During a conversation or speech, that is to say, in discourse and in a written text, the demonstrative pronoun we ‗that‘ is used as an adjective before the noun plus suffix -din-tin to refer to the topic under discussion. Non-topic peoplethings are referred to by the demonstrative pronoun a ‗that‘ before the noun. Te ‗that same‘ is used to refer to a previously mentioned non-topic item where ambiguity might arise from the use of several successive third-person pronouns. In such cases, the listener might understand the speaker to be introducing other actorsobjects into the story. Examples 1. We tuledin, tule nued. ‗That person about whom we are speaking is a good person.‘ 2a. Machidin yannu takcha. ‗The boy saw a peccary.‘

b. A yannudin igalgin mellemai. ‗That peccary was sprawled out on the trail.‘

c. Te yannudin purkwis, takcha. ‗That same peccary was dead, you see.‘

20.4.4 Indefinite and indeterminate pronouns 20.4.4.1 Indefinite pronouns The third-person pronoun amal ‗they‘ see 1.4.2 and 8 4.3 may be used to refer to unknown or unspecified people. 122 -obi is a contracted form of -yobi ‗like‘ see 19.4.12.3.