Word order Ex. 29 –30 Grammar

20 Basic Needs Expressed: Food And Shelter Examples Teacher: An kallin pakpi. Student: An kallin pakpi. Teacher: An nuzha pakpi. Student: An nuzha pakpi. 1. An kallin pakpi. ‗I want to buy a chicken.‘ 2. An nuzha pakpi. ‗I want to buy eggs.‘ 3. An mol pakpi. ‗I want to buy cloth.‘ 4. An kachi pakpi. ‗I want to buy a hammock.‘ 5. An ogob pakpi. ‗I want to buy coconuts.‘ 6. An mas kumpi. ‗I want to eat plantains.‘ 7. An ua kumpi. ‗I want to eat fish.‘ 8. An chan kumpi. ‗I want to eat meat.‘ 9. An mam kumpi. ‗I want to eat manioc.‘ 10. An aswe kumpi. ‗I want to eat an avocado.‘ Note 1 : Phonological Changes In forming words, it is important to realize that if certain consonants occur before certain other consonants, the first consonant changes: n nn: see section 2.2.6 becomes m if it occurs before p. Example kun + -pi = kumpi ‗want to eat‘ Note 2 : Concept of Plural In Spanish and English, in most cases, the speaker must distinguish between singular and plural, e.g., the speaker must choose between boy and boys, egg and eggs, etc. In Kuna, this is not so. The speaker does not need to distinguish and generally does not distinguish between singular and plural. The concept of plural and the means of distinguishing plural from singular is dealt with in Lesson 13.4.3. Exercise 30 . Direct object substitution drill The teacher repeats the frame and then says any word from the list below. The student then substitutes the word in the frame. Example Teacher: An kallin pakpi. Teacher: mola Student: An mola pakpi. Teacher: An mola pakpi. Teacher: ogob Student: An ogob pakpi. Frame An ____ pakpi. ‗I want to buy ____.‘ 1. kallin ‗chicken‘ 2. nuzha ‗egg‘ 3. padu ‗duck‘ 4. chin ‗pig‘ 5. mam ‗manioc‘ 6. ogob ‗coconut‘ 7. aswe ‗avocado‘ 8. wawadun ‗bananas‘ 9. mol ‗cloth‘ 10. kachi ‗hammock‘ 11. win ‗beads‘ 12. tub ‗thread‘ 2.4 Grammar 21

2.4.2 Desiderative Ex. 31 –35

Desires can be divided into two areas. One either wants to do something desiderative action or wants to have something desiderative state. 2.4.2.1 Desiderative action In Kuna, the desire to do something is expressed by adding the suffix -bi-pi to the verb. An + noun 9 + verb + -bi-pi ‗I want to ____.‘ Example An ogob kumpi. I coconut eat-want-to ‗I want to eat coconuts.‘ Exercise 31 . Desiderative action frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the class repeats it. The teacher says Sentence 2 and the class repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. Examples Teacher: An ogob kumpi. Student: An ogob kumpi. Teacher: An ogob tigbi. Student: An ogob tigbi. 1. An ogob kumpi. ‗I want to eat a coconut.‘ 2. An ogob tigbi. ‗I want to plant a coconut.‘ 3. An ogob chubi. ‗I want to fetch a coconut.‘ 4. An ogob chikpi. ‗I want to cut a coconut.‘ 5. An ogob pakpi. ‗I want to buy a coconut.‘ Exercise 32 . Desiderative action substitution frame drill The teacher repeats the frame and then selects any word from the list below and says it. The student then substitutes the word given for the verb in the frame. Examples Teacher: An mol pakpi. Teacher: mak Student: An mol makpi. Teacher: An mol makpi. Teacher: chik Student: An mol chikpi. Frame An mol ____ + -bi-pi. ‗I want to ____ a blouse.‘ 1. pak ‗to buy‘ 2. uk ‗to sell‘ 3. chu ‗to fetch, to choose‘ 4. mak ‗to sew‘ 5. chik ‗to cut out‘ 6. yo ‗to put on‘ 7. echu ‗to take off‘ 8. chabo ‗to put away‘ 9 Here and elsewhere, parentheses indicate that an element such as noun or subject or a sound, e.g., e in kunne is optional or that it is omitted under certain circumstances. 22 Basic Needs Expressed: Food And Shelter 9. enuk ‗to wash‘ 10. pipis ‗to fold‘ Exercise 33 . Desiderative action, varied substitution frame drill The teacher repeats the frame and then selects a word from the list below which can be substituted in the object or verb position of the frame and says it. The student then substitutes the word in the correct place in the frame. Random choice of a noun or a verb by the teacher is important. Examples Teacher: An ogob pakpi. Teacher: ua Student: An ua pakpi. Teacher: An ua pakpi. Teacher: kun Student: An ua kumpi. Frame An ogob pakpi. ‗I want to buy a coconut.‘ 1. ogob ‗coconut‘ 2. kallin ‗chicken‘ 3. ua ‗fish‘ 4. arri ‗iguana‘ 5. aswe ‗avocado‘ 6. pak ‗to buy‘ 7. chik ‗to cut‘ 8. chu ‗to fetch‘ 9. kun ‗to eat‘ 10. tu ‗to cook‘

2.4.2.2 Desiderative state In Kuna, the desire to have something is expressed by the verb pei

‗to want‘. Example An ogob pei. I coconut want ‗I want a coconut.‘ Exercise 34 . Desiderative state frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the class repeats it. The teacher says Sentence 2 and the class repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. Examples Teacher: An ogob pei. Student: An ogob pei. Teacher: An tulub pei. Student: An tulub pei. 1. An ogob pei. ‗I want coconuts.‘ 2. An tulub pei. ‗I want lobsters.‘ 3. An ti pei. ‗I want water.‘ 4. An mani pei. ‗I want money.‘ 5. An wawadun pei. ‗I want bananas.‘ Exercise 35 . Desiderative state substitution frame drill The teacher repeats the frame and selects any word from the list below and says it. The student then substitutes the word in the object position of the frame.