Very polite commands ¡Kwiskuma ‗I told you to stand up‘

15.4 Grammar 201 Exercise 13 . -gwel-kwel very polite frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. Example Teacher: Pedro, an pentakkwelo. Student: Pedro, an pentakkwelo. 1. Pedro, an pentakkwelo. ‗Peter, I would like you to please help me.‘ 2. Nestor, negzhe negwelo. ‗Nestor, I would like you to please go home.‘ 3. Amma, nanbak negwelo. ‗Aunt, I would like you to please go with Mother.‘ 4. Luis, anche taggwelo. ‗Louis, I would like you to please come to me.‘ 5. María, anka tub ukgwelo. ‗Mary, I would like you to please give me some thread.‘ Exercise 14 . wis and -gwel-kwel request frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. Example Teacher: Pedro, pe wis an pentakkwelo. Student: Pedro, pe wis an pentakkwelo. 1. Pedro, pe wis an pentakkwelo. ‗Peter, I would like you to please help me.‘ 2. Nestor, pe wis negzhe negwelo. ‗Nestor, I would like you to please go home.‘ 3. Amma, pe wis nanbak negwelo. ‗Aunt, I would like you to please go with Mother.‘ 4. Luis, pe wis anche taggwelo. ‗Louis, I would like you to please come to me.‘ 5. María, pe wis anka tub ukgwelo. ‗Mary, I would like you to please give me some thread.‘ Exercise 15 . Command selection drill The teacher selects and says a situation from those listed below. The student replies, selecting the correct command form of the verb tag ‗to come‘. Example Teacher: You want a child some distance away to come. Student: ¡Tage 1. You want a child some distance away to come. 2. You want the chief to come over to you. 3. You want a friend to come. 4. You want someone to come urgently. 5. You want to coax a reluctant friend to come.

15.4.1.4 Indirect command The word meke

‗to letallow‘ is used in an indirect command that parallels the English construction, ―Let himherit do ____ ‖ or ―Allow himherit to do ____.‖ Meke ‗to letallow‘ follows a vocative if used and comes at the beginning of a direct command construction to form an indirect command. Examples 1. Pedro, meke chi. ‗Peter, leave it alone.‘ 2. Puna, meke machi tago. ‗Daughter, let the boy come.‘ Exercise 16 . Indirect command drill The teacher says the command and the student replies, using the meke form as in the frame. Example Teacher: Tago. Student: Meke machi tago. 202 Commands Frame Meke machi ____. ‗Let the boy ____.‘ 1. Tago. ‗Please come.‘ 2. Ina kobo. ‗Please drink the medicine.‘ 3. Nao. ‗Please go.‘ 4. An wis pentako. ‗Would you please help me.‘ 5. Chig. ‗Sit down.‘ 15.4.1.5 Commands to groups Any of the three types of commands may be used to direct one or more people. Generally speaking, it is not necessary to use the group suffix, in spite of the fact that you are speaking to a group. If, however, the group is to act as a unit, then the suffix -mal must be attached to the verb. There are three types of situations which determine the form of the command used when you speak to a group. 1 Command form when each group marker acts as an individual. If the speaker is addressing a command to a group of people and he expects each person to act as an individual, he uses a command form with no group suffix. Strong, polite and request commands may be used in this way. Examples Strong command 1. ¡Ne ‗Each one of you go‘ Polite command 2. ¡Nao ‗Each one of you please go‘ Request command 3. ¡Negwelo ‗Each one of you be so kind as to go‘ 2 Exclusive command form If the speaker is addressing a command to a group of people and he expects the group to act as a unit, but does not expect to do the command himself, -mal is attached to both the vocative and the verb. The vocative is said with the same intonation pattern and is followed by a brief pause, just as the vocative in statements see 10.4.6. Examples 1. ¡Pemal, negzhe nemal ‗You all go home‘

2. Pemal, anche tagmalo.

‗You all please come to me.‘

3. Pemal, wis negwelmalo.

‗You all would you be so kind as to go.‘

4. Pemal, wis negzhe nemalo.

‗You all would you be so kind as to go home.‘ 3 Inclusive hortatory command form If the speaker is addressing a command to a group of people whom he expects to act as a unit, and he includes himself in the action to be done, the suffix -mal is added to the verb. The subject is not stated. The polite command is the preferred form for inclusive or hortatory commands, although the strong command form does occur. Examples 1. ¡Nemal ‗Let‘s go‘ 2. Nemalo. ‗Please, let‘s go.‘ 3. Wis negwelmalo. ‗I would like you to be so kind as to go with me.‘