Methods LCDD 14 Paya Kuna. LCDD 14 Paya Kuna

Appenxix N 313 3 Passive listening This is just listening to what is being said, without thinking about the intonation, grammatical construction used, etc. This does not mean that you have ―switched off‖ the speaker. It means that you listen to the speaker, like you listen to English, to hear what he is saying.

c. Noting the setting

This is as important as the tracking or listening itself. It ‘s no use knowing patterns of intonation, grammar, etc., if you don ‘t know when to use them. So, whenever you are listening, notice the following: 1. What incident triggered what the speaker is saying? Was it a question? Was it an allegation? Was it what happened? Was it what the speaker had failed to do? 2. What is the speaker ‘s emotional attitude? Is he happy, sad, angry, afraid or doubtful? Is he defensive, aggressive, involved, neutral or trying to disassociate himself from something? 3. What is the relative status between the speaker and the listener? Is the speaker of higher or lower status? Is the difference in status being ignored or even reversed? 4. Is the speaker using his authority or trying to manipulate someone? Is he only pleading? 5. Is he serious or speaking in jest?

d. Gestures Note the accompanying gestures and facial expressions.

2. Expanding your knowledge of Kuna

It is helpful if you can use Kuna as soon as possible to further your knowledge of the language. In order to do this, there are certain expressions that need to be memorized right away.

a. Language learning expressions

1 Speaking Kuna 1. An wichul tule kakpal chunma. ‗I don‘t know how to speak Kuna.‘ 2. An wis itos, iche. ‗I only understand a little.‘ 3. Anni turtabi, tule kakpal. ‗I want to learn Kuna.‘ 4. Anka tule kakabal chunma. ‗Please speak to me in Kuna.‘ 5. Anka tule kakbalbi chunma. ‗Please speak to me only in Kuna.‘ 6. Melle anka wag kakbal chunma. ‗Don‘t speak Spanish to me.‘ 2 Elicitation 7. ¿Ibi wede? ‗What is that?‘ 8. ¿Itide, ibi? ‗What is this?‘ 9. ¿Igi pemal ... pimal, pe kakbal? ‗How do you say ... in your language?‘ 10. ¿Igi chogle, wede? ‗What does that mean?‘ 11. ¿Ibi chenai? ‗What areis youhe doing?‘ 3 Other expressions useful in elicitation The ―wh‖ question words, e.g., who, what, where, when, how are discussed in Lesson IV. 12. ¿Ibi chomnai? ‗What areis youhe making?‘ 13. ¿Ibi imanai? ‗What are you doing?‘ 14. ¿Igi takle? ‗What does it look like?‘ 15. ¿Igi kullege? ‗What does it taste like eating?‘ 16. ¿Igi koblege? ‗What does it taste like drinking?‘ 314 Language Learning 17. ¿Pia ne? ‗Where are you going?‘ 18. ¿Pia ti? ‗Where have you been?‘ 4 Repetition 19. An itojul. ‗I don‘t understand.‘ 20. ¿Ibi chogzha, wede? ‗What did he say?‘ 21. An igija. ‗I forget.‘ 22. Kannan anka chogbalo. ‗Please repeat it for me.‘ 23. Pinna anka wis choggwelo. ‗Please say it slowly for me.‘ 5 Accuracy 24. Anka chogo, an nojal. ‗Tell me when I make a mistake.‘ 25. Pedin anka chogo. ‗You say it to me.‘ 26. ¿Inikigwa? ‗Correct the same??‘

b. Eliciting information138

1 Questions This is the most common and easiest way of getting information, whether in a formal language session or a casual contact. However, you need to follow up on your first question: e.g., if you saw a pig and asked, ¿Ibi wede? ‗What is that?‘ then if feasible, you should follow it up with a whole string of questions, such as: 2. ¿Ibi kun? ‗What does it eat?‘ 3. ¿Pia mai? ‗Where does it live?‘ 4. ¿Toagad? ‗Whose is it?‘ 5. ¿Ibi chenai? ‗What is it doing?‘ 6. ¿Igi talde, igi pe ebinzhe? ‗What do you think, how does it look?‘ This type of questioning will do several things for you:

1. It may produce new vocabulary. 2. It will reinforce old vocabulary.

3. It will help you determine the usage of words. You will discover that chickens don ‘t kun ‗eat‘ food but that they ma ‗peck‘ food. 4. It will help you build up vocabulary according to topic according to semantic field. This means that you will become familiar with many of the words associated with ―pigs‖ in the above example. That means that the next time you are out on a walk, you will not only be able to comment ¡Pe take, china ‗Look, pigs‘ but you will be able also to comment on their size, color, activity, likes and dislikes, what they taste like, etc.

5. By using the new word in several questions, you will learn it.

2 Error technique The idea here is to use a totally wrong word in the place of the item you wish to know. Hopefully, you will be corrected and, thus, supplied with the word, e.g., if you saw a guacamayo parrot flying overhead and you wanted to know what it ‘s called, you say, ―Look at that pig up there‖ The person will invariably reply, ―That‘s not a chin ‗pig‘, that‘s a nalu ‗guacamayo parrot‘.‖ Or, ―He‘s cooking in the river‖ would 138 For further discussion of this subject, read Eliciting Vocabulary, Meaning and Collocations by John Beekman 1968, Notes on Translation 29:1 –11; and Language Learners Field Guide by Alan Healey 1975, Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea, Summer Institute of Linguistics.