nana Pronunciation of consonants at the beginning of a word

28 Conversational Replies In Kuna, it is quite acceptable to ask the price of items bought. If the item was a gift there is no need to disclose the value. Great care should be taken when inquiring about the success of a hunting or fishing trip. Direct questions concerning the kill or the catch may be interpreted as a requestdemand to share in the proceeds. It is much more acceptable to ask what happened on the trip than to ask what was killed or caught.

3.4 Grammar

3.4.1 YesNo questions As stated in 3.2.3.2, the order of words in a question requiring an eye

‗yes‘ or chuli ‗no‘ answer is the same as the order of the words in a statement. In conversation, a question is distinguished from a statement by intonation. In writing, a question is distinguished from a statement by punctuation question marks. Example ¿ Pe mas tune? ‗Are you going to cook?‘

3.4.2 Verb tense aspect - immediate future Ex. 12 –16

When an event is viewed by the speaker as being imminent the action will undoubtedly take place, the tense-aspect 11 used is called the immediate future. In using the immediate future, keep two things in mind: the immediate future suffix is added to the verb and a time reference must be either stated or implied. 3.4.2.1 Immediate future suffix The immediate future is formed by adding the suffix -ne to the verb stem. Example kun + -ne = kunne ‗going to eat‘ The Kuna immediate future parallels the English construction ‗going to...‘ and the Spanish construction ‗ir a...‘. Example An ua kunne. ‗I am going to eat fish.‘ Exercise 12 . Immediate future frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the class repeats it. The teacher says Sentence 2 and the class repeats it, etc. The exercise should be repeated several times. Examples Teacher: Machi ob tigne. ‗The boy is going to plant corn.‘ Student: Machi ob tigne. Teacher: Machi ob emine. ‗The boy is going to weed corn.‘ Student: Machi ob emine. 1. Machi ob tigne. ‗The boy is going to plant corn.‘ 2. Machi ob emine. ‗The boy is going to weed corn.‘ 3. Machi ob weine. ‗The boy is going to harvest corn.‘ 4. Machi ob chune. ‗The boy is going to fetch corn.‘ 5. Machi ob kunne. ‗The boy is going to eat corn.‘ Exercise 13 . Immediate future frame drill The teacher repeats the frame and selects any word from the list below and says it. The student then substitutes the word in the frame. 11 Most tense-aspect suffixes in Kuna indicate primarily the duration, rather than the time, of an action. For convenience, they are termed ―tense-aspect‖ or frequently, simply as ―aspect.‖