Pe igal emijal an ne.

156 Event Time-Communication Exercise 21 . Future dependent prior condition spontaneous frame drill. Repeat Exercise 21, but use an independent sentence other than an ne ‗I‘m going to go‘. Exercise 22 . Completive aspect -s to -ja drill The teacher says the sentence and the student changes it into a sentence with a future dependent prior conditional clause adding a main clause an ne ‗I‘m going to go‘. Example Teacher: Pe ua tus. Student: Pe ua tujal an ne. 1. Pe ua tus. ‗You cooked the fish.‘ 2. Ti nos. ‗The river rose.‘ 3. Yannu nas. ‗The peccaries passed by.‘ 4. Pe ob chus. ‗You fetched the corn.‘ 5. Pe mol ches. ‗You took the blouse.‘ Past dependent prior condition When the past Event A was dependent on Event B for its fulfillment, the past dependent prior condition suffix -gu-ku is added to the Event B verb. -gu is used following lenis consonants and vowels, and -ku is used following fortis consonants. The completive suffix -cha-zha-ja-s may precede -gu-ku. Event A verb uses the completive aspect form. Examples 1. An negzhe nonigu an mas kucha. ‗When I arrived home, I ate some food. ‘ ← Event B → ← Event A → From the above example, we are to understand that for some reason, ―I‖ did not eat until I got home possibly ―I‖ had no food on the trip. That is to say, ―my‖ eating Event A was dependent on my arrival home Event B.

2. An kinki elisgu an immal aminad.

‗When I had cleaned the gun, I went hunting. ‘ ← Event B → ← Event A → From the above example, we are to understand that for some reason possibly the gun cannot shoot anymore until it is cleaned, ―I‖ cannot go hunting until the gun is cleaned. That is to say, ―my‖ going hunting Event A is dependent on ―my‖ cleaning the gun Event B. Exercise 23 . Past dependent prior condition frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. Examples Teacher: An mas kuchagu an nadbal. Student: An mas kuchagu an nadbal. 1. An mas kuchagu an nadbal. ‗Having eaten the food, I left.‘ 2. An mol makchagu an wagga ukcha. ‗Having sewed the blouse, I sold it to the outsider.‘ 3. An mas tusgu an machiga ukcha. ‗Having cooked the food, I gave it to the boy.‘ 4. An kallin pakchagu an nad. ‗Having bought the chicken, I left.‘ 5. An koe makchagu an nadbal. ‗Having shot the deer, I went on again.‘ 12.5 Vocabulary 157 Exercise 24 . Past dependent prior condition drill The teacher says the sentence and the student changes it to a -gu clause and adds the main clause an nad ‗I went ‘. This exercise should be repeated several times. Example Teacher: Machi mas kucha. Student: Machi mas kuchagu an nad. 1. Machi mas kucha. ‗The boy ate some food.‘ 2. Ome mol makcha. ‗The woman sewed a mola.‘ 3. Machi tulub pakcha. ‗The boy bought a lobster.‘ 4. Machi ul chobzha. ‗The boy made a canoe.‘ 5. Wag kallin pakcha. ‗The outsider bought a chicken.‘ Exercise 25 . Past dependent prior condition spontaneous drill Repeat Exercise 25, but use an independent sentence other than an ne ‗I‘m going to go‘ or an nad ‗I went‘. Example Ome ua tus. ‗The woman cooked the fish‘ becomes Ome ua tusgu an ua kucha. ‗The woman having cooked the fish, I ate the fish.‘ Exercise 26 . Choice between past and future dependent prior conditions -gu and -l The teacher selects a sentence from those listed below and says it. The student repeats the sentence adding the correct form of the dependent clause, An a neg omosguomojal ... ‗When I arrivedarrive at that place, ...‘ Example Teacher: An mas kucha. Student: An an neg omosgu an mas kucha. 1. An mas kucha. ‗I ate food.‘ 2. An saglaga chogo. ‗I will tell the chief.‘ 3. An achu amine. ‗I am going to look for the dog.‘ 4. An nan takcha. ‗I saw my mother.‘ 5. An mol pakcha. ‗I bought cloth.‘ 6. An nan takne. ‗I am going to see my mother.‘ 7. An mas kunne. ‗I am going to eat food.‘ 8. An achu amis. ‗I looked for the dog.‘ 9. An saglaga chogzha. ‗I told the chief.‘ 10. An mol pakne. ‗I am going to buy cloth.‘

12.5 Vocabulary

1. wini ‗beads‘ 2. immis-immisi ‗right now‘ 3. immichal ‗just now‘ 4. untargusa ‗a while ago‘ 5. akpene ‗long ago‘ 6. sae ‗yesterday‘ 7. asto ‗day before yesterday‘ 8. polegu ‗pre-dawn‘ 9. oipojaoipos ‗dawn‘ 10. napa ‗earthgroundsoil‘ 11. kannan ‗again‘