Indirect command The word meke

202 Commands Frame Meke machi ____. ‗Let the boy ____.‘ 1. Tago. ‗Please come.‘ 2. Ina kobo. ‗Please drink the medicine.‘ 3. Nao. ‗Please go.‘ 4. An wis pentako. ‗Would you please help me.‘ 5. Chig. ‗Sit down.‘ 15.4.1.5 Commands to groups Any of the three types of commands may be used to direct one or more people. Generally speaking, it is not necessary to use the group suffix, in spite of the fact that you are speaking to a group. If, however, the group is to act as a unit, then the suffix -mal must be attached to the verb. There are three types of situations which determine the form of the command used when you speak to a group. 1 Command form when each group marker acts as an individual. If the speaker is addressing a command to a group of people and he expects each person to act as an individual, he uses a command form with no group suffix. Strong, polite and request commands may be used in this way. Examples Strong command 1. ¡Ne ‗Each one of you go‘ Polite command 2. ¡Nao ‗Each one of you please go‘ Request command 3. ¡Negwelo ‗Each one of you be so kind as to go‘ 2 Exclusive command form If the speaker is addressing a command to a group of people and he expects the group to act as a unit, but does not expect to do the command himself, -mal is attached to both the vocative and the verb. The vocative is said with the same intonation pattern and is followed by a brief pause, just as the vocative in statements see 10.4.6. Examples 1. ¡Pemal, negzhe nemal ‗You all go home‘

2. Pemal, anche tagmalo.

‗You all please come to me.‘

3. Pemal, wis negwelmalo.

‗You all would you be so kind as to go.‘

4. Pemal, wis negzhe nemalo.

‗You all would you be so kind as to go home.‘ 3 Inclusive hortatory command form If the speaker is addressing a command to a group of people whom he expects to act as a unit, and he includes himself in the action to be done, the suffix -mal is added to the verb. The subject is not stated. The polite command is the preferred form for inclusive or hortatory commands, although the strong command form does occur. Examples 1. ¡Nemal ‗Let‘s go‘ 2. Nemalo. ‗Please, let‘s go.‘ 3. Wis negwelmalo. ‗I would like you to be so kind as to go with me.‘ 15.4 Grammar 203 Exercise 17 . Exclusive strong command frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. Example Teacher: ¡Pemal, negzhe nemal Student: ¡Pemal, negzhe nemal 1. ¡Pemal, negzhe nemal ‗You all, go home‘ 2. ¡Pemal, saglaga chogmal ‗You all, tell the chief‘ 3. ¡Pemal, ormanegzhe chedmal ‗You all, take them to the meeting house‘ 4. ¡Pemal, aknirmal ‗You all, move back‘ 5. ¡Pemal, saglaga itomal ‗You all, listen to the chief‘ Exercise 18 . Inclusive strong command form The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. Example Teacher: ¡Nemal Student: ¡Nemal 1. ¡Nemal ‗Let‘s go‘ 2. ¡Aknirmal ‗Let‘s get out of the way‘ 3. ¡Saglaga itomal ‗Let‘s listen to the chief‘ 4. ¡Ormaked negzhe chedmal ‗Let‘s take them to the meeting house‘ 5. ¡Neg elimal ‗Let‘s clean the town‘ Exercise 19 . Inclusive polite command frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. Example Teacher: Nemalo. Student: Nemalo. 1. Nemalo. ‗Let‘s go.‘ 2. Aptamalo. ‗Let‘s wait.‘ 3. Arbamalo. ‗Let‘s work.‘ 4. Itomalo. ‗Let‘s listen.‘ 5. Aknirmalo. ‗Let‘s get out of the way.‘ 15.4.1.6 Negative commands In Kuna, negative commands are given by either the use of a negative command word or by using melle ‗don‘t‘ before any command form. 1 Negative command words There are several words in Kuna which may be used in isolation and which are strong negative commands. These negative command words are used in the same situations as their EnglishSpanish counterparts. Examples 1. ¡Melle ‗Don‘t‘ 2. ¡Mellema ‗Don‘t, I said‘ 3. ¡Kusma ‗Stop it‘ 4. ¡Ogus ‗That‘s enough‘ 2 Negative commands Any command may be made negative by placing the word melle ‗don‘t‘ before the command.