Nagwal tananerkwa. Numbers Ex. 6 –19

70 Buying and Selling Examples 1. Ogob takbo. ‗There are two stalks of coconuts.‘

2. Wawadun taknerkwa.

‗There are six hands of bananas.‘ 5 Il-ila- Il -ila- is used to describe the number of times an action is performed or an event occurs. It is also used to count rows of crops. The short form il- is used to count one to three items, and the long form ila- is used to count four or more items. Examples 1. Ilbo an takcha. ‗I saw it two times.‘

2. Ilanerkwa an takcha.

‗I saw it six times.‘ Exercise 6 . Measurement prefix il-ila- frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the student and the teacher say Sentences 1 –10 in unison. This exercise may be repeated several times. Example Teacher: Ilgwen arpi. Student: Ilgwen arpi. Teacher and Student in unison: Ilgwen arpi. 1. Ilgwen arpi. ‗He went once.‘ 2. Ilbo arpi. ‗He went twice.‘ 3. Ilpá arpi. ‗He went three times.‘ 4. Ilabake arpi. ‗He went four times.‘ 5. Ilaatal arpi. ‗He went five times.‘ 6. Ilanerkwa arpi. ‗He went six times.‘ 7. Ilakugle arpi. ‗He went seven times.‘ 8. Ilapabak arpi. ‗He went eight times.‘ 9. Ilabakebak arpi. ‗He went nine times.‘ 10. Ilaambe arpi. ‗He went ten times.‘ 6 Chog-choga- Chog -choga- is used to describe sets of things or groups of items. It can be used to describe the number of ways an idea may be correctly expressed or the number of expressions. Herds of animals or flocks of birds are counted by using this prefix. The short form chog- is used to count items groups of one to three and the long form is used to count items groups of four or more. Examples 1. Chog pá. ‗There are three ways of saying it.‘ 2. Immal chogabake. ‗There are four groups of different kinds of animals.‘ 3. Yannu chogbo. ‗There are two yannu herds.‘ 4. Padu chogpá. ‗There are three flocks of ducks.‘ 5. Sapat chogabake. ‗There are four groups piles of shoes of different kinds: sandals, sneakers, boots.‘ 7 Tar- Tar - is used to describe a basic measured unit of an item. Tar- is usually used in the selling of cloth. Examples 1. Mol tarpá. ‗There are three lengths of cloth.‘

2. Mol tarpabak.

‗There are eight lengths of cloth.‘ 7.4 Grammar 71 Exercise 7 . Drilling numerals substitution frame drill Using the frame, the teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it. The teacher and the student say Sentences 1 –10 in unison. This exercise may be repeated several times. Example Teacher: Mol tarbo takne. Student: Mol tarbo takne. Teacher and Student in unison: Mol tarbo takne. 1. Mol tarbo takne. ‗She will look at two lengths of cloth.‘ 2. Mol tarpá takne. ‗She will look at three lengths of cloth.‘ 3. Mol tarbake takne. ‗She will look at four lengths of cloth.‘ 4. Mol taratal takne. ‗She will look at five lengths of cloth.‘ 5. Mol tarnerkwa takne. ‗She will look at six lengths of cloth.‘ 6. Mol tarkugle takne. ‗She will look at seven lengths of cloth.‘ 7. Mol tarpabak takne. ‗She will look at eight lengths of cloth.‘ 8. Mol tarbakebak takne. ‗She will look at nine lengths of cloth.‘ 9. Mol tarambe takne. ‗She will look at ten lengths of cloth.‘ 10. Mol tarambe kakkabo takne. ‗She will look at twelve lengths of cloth.‘ 8 Out-of-culture measurement unit prefixes Kunas sometimes use measurement units from outside their culture to describe various items. Some out-of-culture measurement unit prefixes include: yarta- ‗yard‘, metro- ‗meter‘, and liber- ‗pound‘. These prefixes are used with basic number stems to describe quantities of various items such as cloth, sugar, and flour. Examples 1. Mol yartabo pei. ‗I would like to buy two yards of cloth.‘

2. Ostigid libergwen.

‗There is one pound of sugar.‘

7.4.1.2 Illustrated comparisons of Group I and Group III number prefixes

1 ogob „coconut‟ ogob chal bo ‗two coconut palms‘ ogob tak bo ‗two bunches of coconuts‘ ogob kwa bo ‗two coconuts‘