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9.4 Grammar 107 2a. muis ‗inexpensive‘

b. muiduli

‗not inexpensive‘ 9.4.2.2 Common significance of negated adjectives The most common meaning of a negated adjective is similar to the meaning of the negated adjective in EnglishSpanish. Examples 1a. istar ‗bad‘

b. istarchuli

‗not bad‘ 2a. olobi ‗empty‘

b. olobijuli

‗not empty‘ When it has this meaning, the first syllable of the negative suffix tends to be stressed. Example olobijúli ‗not empty‘

9.4.2.3 Idiomatic use of negated adjectives

Sometimes the use of a negated adjective does more than simply negate an attribute. When a person chooses to use the negated form of certain adjectives in preference to an existing antonym, a very intense antithesis is communicated. In this case, the use of the negated adjective completely eliminates any characteristic of the concept negated. Examples 1. iche ‗a little‘

2. ichejuli

‗not a little a lot‘ In this construction, the syllable preceding the negative suffix tends to be stressed. Example ichéjuli ‗not a little a lot‘ The intensification of antithesis is a phenomenon which occurs only with certain adjectives. Some adjectives that are used to intensify antithesis are in the following list. Examples Direct Translation Idiomatic Significance 1. totojuli ‗not small‘ ‗big‘ 2. purwijuli ‗not tiny‘ ‗large‘ 3. tutujuli ‗not soft‘ ‗hard‘ 4. tinnajuli ‗not dry‘ ‗dampwet‘ 5. karkijuli ‗not expensive‘ ‗inexpensive‘ 6. muiduli ‗not cheap‘ ‗expensive‘ 7. ichejuli ‗not a little‘ ‗a lot‘ 8. tikajuli ‗not nearby‘ ‗far away‘ Exercise 6 . Negated adjective drill The teacher says Sentence 1. The student responds by repeating the modified noun with the negated form of the adjective and omitting the verb used in Sentence 1. The succeeding sentences are drilled in a similar fashion. Examples Teacher: Ul toto nai. Student: Ul totojuli. Teacher: Win purwi pukwa. Student: Win purwijuli. 1. Ul toto nai. ‗A small boat is there.‘ 2. Win purwi pukwa. ‗Tiny beads are sitting there.‘