Attributive sentence Ex. 11 –14 olobijuli

112 Basic HealthMedical Discussion Exercise 12 . Attributive sentence drill The teacher gives the stimulus in the form of a noun phrase. The student replies in the form of an attributive sentence. Example Teacher: An win purwi pei. Student: Win purwi. 1. An win purwi pei. ‗I want small beads.‘ 2. An ina kakpi kobzha. ‗I drank bitter medicine.‘ 3. An wawadun kollo kucha. ‗I ate ripe bananas.‘ 4. An mol karki pakcha. ‗I bought expensive cloth.‘ 5. An machi orojul takcha. ‗I saw a very tall boy.‘ 9.4.4.2 Establishment of attributive sentence topic If it is necessary to establish the topic see Appendix E.1 of an attributive sentence, the suffix -de-te is added to the noun. Example Machide orojuli. ‗The boy is very tall.‘ Exercise 13 . Topic establishing frame drill The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it, etc. This exercise should be repeated several times. The student should concentrate on the attributive sentence intonation pattern while doing this drill. Examples Teacher: Machide orojuli Student: Machide orojuli. Teacher: Kukualedde totojuli. Student: Kukualedde totojuli. 1. Machide orojuli. ‗The boy is very tall.‘ 2. Kukualedde totojuli. ‗The plane is large.‘ 3. Mimmide ye. ‗The baby is sick.‘ 4. Akwade chellele. ‗The rock is hard.‘ 5. Tulede cheredi. ‗The person Kuna is old.‘

9.4.4.3 Use of attributive sentence with noun phrase

As is mentioned in this lesson see 9.4.1, a noun phrase may contain only one adjective. A noun may be modified with two adjectives by incorporating a noun phrase into an attributive sentence. Example 1. Mol kinnid karki. ‗The red cloth is expensive.‘ 2. Mol karki kinnid. ‗The expensive cloth is red.‘ As may be seen in the above example, one adjective follows the noun and the one selected as attribute or stated adjective follows the first adjective. In this type of attributive sentence, intonation is vital to communication. The pause between the two adjectives is very important. Exercise 14 . Noun phrase in an attributive sentence frame drill: The teacher says Sentence 1 and the student repeats it; the teacher says Sentence 2 and the student repeats it. This exercise should be repeated several times. Pay special attention to the intonation. Example Teacher: Mol kinnid karki. Student: Mol kinnid karki. 1. Mol kinnid karki. ‗The red cloth is expensive.‘ 2. Akan tummad karki. ‗The big axe is expensive.‘ 9.4 Grammar 113 3. Ul pin karki. ‗The new canoe is expensive.‘ 4. Ina arrad ochi. ‗The blue medicine is sweet.‘ 5. Es toto nued. ‗The little knife is nice.‘

9.4.5 Useful expressions for personal needs

It is important to be able to use two common expressions for personal needs and to be able to determine by questioning, how a person feels. Although they are expressed by an adjective, a noun is used in Kuna for ―hungry‖ and ―thirsty‖ and, frequently, ―sick‖ is expressed by a noun. 9.4.5.1 Hunger and thirst Only one word, ukulukulu is used to describe both hunger and thirst in Kuna. Example An ukul nika. ‗I am hungrythirsty.‘ lit.: ‗I have hungerthirst.‘ 9.4.5.2 Sickness Various Kuna words refer to being sick, however; the most common are the adjective ye ‗sick‘ and the noun poni ‗sickness‘. The term poni also means ‗problem‘. Examples 1. An ye. ‗I am sick.‘

2. An poni nika.

‗I have a sicknessproblem.‘ 9.4.5.3 General health question There are two common questions that may be used to refer to the general state of a person ‘s health or well being. Examples 1. ¿Ibi nika? ‗What is the matter?What disease do you have?‘ 2. ¿Igi ito? ‗How do you feel?‘

9.4.6 Suffix of excess -rba

41 An expression which parallels the English construction ‗one who ____ excessivelyin excess‘ is conveyed by adding the suffix -rba to the long form of the verb stem. Examples

1. We tule kal nikarba.

‗That person is excessively extremely strong.‘

2. We tule kwallu nikarba.

‗That person is excessively fat.‘

3. We tule mas kunnerba.

‗That person is a glutton.‘ lit.: ‗He eats excessively.‘

4. We tule ua chwaerba.

‗That person is a fanatic fisherman.‘ lit.: ‗He fishes excessively.‘

9.4.7 Existence sentence Ex. 15

An existence sentence parallels the SpanishEnglish construction, Hay elefantes. ‗There are elephants‘. It confirms or negates the existence of something. The Kuna existence clause is formed by stating the noun which exists, followed by the verb nika ‗to have‘. Generally speaking, nika is used in the same sense of a personanimal owning or possessing something. In the case of possession, an owner, and sometimes the object owned, are named with the verb. 41 -rba is actually derivational suffix -r ‗adjectivizer‘ used with a verb plus -ba ‗adjective intensifier‘. For example, yer ‗finegood‘ and yerba ‗very good‘. 114 Basic HealthMedical Discussion Examples 1. An nika. ‗I have it.‘ 2. An mani nika. ‗I have money.‘ In the case of an existence sentence, only the object which exists occurs with the verb nika ‗to have‘. Usually the context makes the meaning of an existence sentence clear. Example Mani nika. ‗There is money.‘ Exercise 15 . Existence sentence listing drill Track the teacher as he says the sentences below. The teacher says the whole utterance and the student repeats it. 1. Koe nika, yannu nika, chule nika; tegine achu parpad nika, chapurbal. ‗There are deer, peccaries, pacas, and jaguars in the jungle.‘ 2. Kwinub nika, tiur nika, tola nika; tegine arki nika, tigin. ‗There are sabalos, sabalettas, catfish and huacucos in the river.‘ 3. Mas nika, mam nika, moe nika; tegine aswe nika, choneggin. ‗There are plantains, manioc, squash and avocados in the kitchen.‘

9.5 Vocabulary

9.5.1 Colors 1 –6

1. kinnidi ‗red‘ 2. kollogwadi ‗yellow‘ 3. arradi ‗blue‘ 4. chibu ‗white‘ 5. chichidi ‗black‘ 6. igidi ‗what color‘

9.5.2 Size 7 –11

7. orojuli ‗tall‘ 8. tummadii ‗big‘ 9. toto ‗small‘ 10. yeskwa ‗medium‘ 11. purwi ‗small particle-like‘ e.g., ‗beads‘

9.5.3 Quality 12 –13

12. tutu ‗softweak‘ 13. chellele ‗hard‘

9.5.4 Age 14 –15

14. pini ‗new‘ 15. cheredi ‗old‘

9.5.5 Temperature 16 –19

16. ue ‗hot‘ 17. tampe ‗cold people only‘ 18. tamipá ‗cold things only‘ 19. ue-ue ‗lukewarm‘