Derivation Reduced pronouns Pronoun as head of NP: modifiers

5 THE NOMINAL PHRASE 83 10 a. madaho fumaa-kanau in a while you can eat me later IMP-eat-me b. madaho fumaa inodi in a while you can eat ME later IMP-eat I c. fumaa-kanau inodi 11 miina da-[m]ili anoa they did not choose HIM not 3pI-choose he c. to emphasize a possessive suffix. The possessive suffix and the free pronoun may co-occur; in such cases the pronoun follows the noun, but occasionally it is found preceding it: 12 peda hamai hintu kalei-mu? how is YOUR banana tree? like which you banana-your 13 idi-a naando fato-ghonu sikola ka-fo-fo-guru-ha-ku I-CL be four-CLAS school NOM-DETR-CAUS-learn-LOC-my there were four schools where I was teaching 14 no-hende ka-bhari-no ihi-no anoa 3sR-increase NOM-many-POS contents-his he HIS grains grow in number In the following example the personal pronoun is used in a possessive sense substantively, replacing a noun which is retrievable from the context: 15 idi-a niho se-tangke roo-no I-CL just one-CLAS leaf-its mine has just got one leaf my tree

5.3.2. Derivation

The possibilities of derivation with the free pronouns are very limited: a. suffix -mo, indicating emphasis 10.2.29: 16 inodi-mo I am the one I-PF b. prefix ta-, meaning only, just 10.2.48: 17 ta-andoa just them JUST-them c. prefix sa- + reduplication, meaning always, only 10.2.44: 18 sa-ino-inodi-mo kaawu ne-waa-ghoo-no pakea ONLY-RED-I-PF only P.PART-give-IO-his clothes its always me alone that he gives clothes to 84 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE 19 sa-inta-intaidi always the two of us ONLY-RED-we

5.3.3. Reduced pronouns

The reduced personal pronouns idi, hintu, hintu-umu can occur in exactly the same positions and seem to have the same usage as the full free pronouns. In 8 and 12 examples have already been provided of these reduced pronouns. Other examples: 20 a-k[um]ala kadeki idi I will go now 1sI-go first I 21 tunu hintu-umu burn it, all of you IMP-burn you-PLUR The only difference between the full and the reduced free pronouns is that the derivational process with sa- as described in 5.3.2 cannot apply to the latter. Forms such as ta-hintu just you and idi-mo it is I are less usual but not impossible, but forms such as sa-idi-idi do not occur.

5.3.4. Pronoun as head of NP: modifiers

As mentioned in 5.1, a pronoun which heads an NP can be modified by a demon- strative pronoun, or a relative clause. Examples of pronouns modified by a demonstrative pronoun: 22 inodi ini I here I this 23 hintu itu you there you that 24 anoa watu he over there he that Pronouns modified by a relative clause: 25 ihintu [m]asole-no you who are pretty, you you pretty-A.PART pretty one 26 ihintu-umu me-aso-no we daoa no-bhari guna-amu you-PLUR -sell-A.PART loc market 3sR-much work-your.PLUR you who sell at the market have a lot of work to do Also, pronouns can be modified by a full appositive NP, which is then actually outside the head NP see 5.9.1: 27 insaidi bhidhadhari miina ta-t[um]oka weex fairy not 1eI-complete we ex fairies are not whole 28 insaidi mie-no Wuna ta-asi-ane ta-fumaa kambuse weex person-POS Muna 1eR-like-it 1eR-eat cooked.corn we ex people of Muna like to eat cooked corn 5 THE NOMINAL PHRASE 85 This type of modification seems to be limited to first and second persons. Finally, pronouns can be modified by a numeral verb, with the exception of inodi I, in which case the measure phrase se-mie is used: 29 intaidi do-ru-dua we two we 1pR-RED-two 30 andoa do-pe-fato-fulu the forty of them they 3pR-ABOUT-four-ten 31 inodi-mo se-mie, a-asi-ane-mo as for me, I like it I-PF one-man 1sR-like-it-PF

5.4. Possession