The preposition so The preposition ampa

6 THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE 143 e. Resultative; bhe functions as a conjunction therefore, as a result: 56 do-limpu-ha-ane bhe dhunia bhaa-bhaano 3pR-forget-INT-it with world RED-first therefore they forgot all about the first world 57 rampahano no-tu-turu mata-ku, no-bhogha bhe tonde because 3sR-RED-sleepy eye-my 3sR-break with glass because I was sleepy, the glass broke 58 no-bhari no-fekiri no-bungi bhe fotu-no 3sR-much 3sR-think 3sR-bald with head-his he thinks a lot, therefore he isbecame bald 59 a-laga-a-laga na-mate-ghoo ka-gharo, no-rubu-mo bhe aa-no RED-ART-ant 3sI-die-IO NOM-hunger 3sR-small-PF with waist-her because Ant was about to die of hunger, her waist isbecame small f. Existential; bhe functions as an existential preposition in existential clauses see 7.2.2; bhe is glossed as be: 60 bhe faraluu-ku sendai there is something I have to be need-my little do; I have some business 61 miina bhe doi ka-rubu-a I do not have any change not be money NOM-small-CL g. Emphatic in exclamatory clauses 7.7: 62 bhe ka-ghi-ghito how black he is with NOM-RED-black 63 bhe ka-roko-no padhi how dirty his scales are with NOM-dirty-POS scales There remain a few cases where the function of bhe is not perfectly clear, for example in 64, where it is optional: 64 no-fo-rato bhe bhai-no he told his friends 3sR-CAUS-come with friend-his

6.2.2. The preposition so

So, with variant pronunciation soo, is a non-local preposition meaning for in beneficiary and purpose phrases. It can also function as a future marker. a. Beneficiary: 65 a-gholi-e so ihintu I bought it for you 1sR-buy-it for you 66 ne-ghoro-ghoo-mo so kapoluka he threw it for the tortoise 3sR-throw-IO-PF for tortoise 144 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE The beneficiary can also be expressed in an indirect object marked by -ghoo or by an indirect object pronominal suffix see 4.8.2 and 7.9. b. Purpose: 67 ala-mo aini so dawu-mu take this for your part IMP-take-PF this for part-your 68 sau soo tumpu wood for firewood wood for firewood 69 ne-ghoro-mo kontu so ka-tandai-no na-s[um]uli 3sR-throw-PF stone for NOM-signal-POS 3sI-return he dropped stones to guide his way back c. Future marker with participles and ka--ha-nominalizations: 70 lahae so me-mbali-no kolaki-no ghoti? who FUT -become-A.PART king-POS food who is the one who will become the king of foods? 71 awatu-e so ka-sawi-ha-nto that is what we will use as that-it FUT NOM-go.by-LOC-our our means of transport

6.2.3. The preposition ampa

The meaning of ampa is until, as far as, as long as. Although it is a non- local preposition, it may have a locative meaning in addition to a temporal function. a. temporal and locative: 72 no-tanda indewi ampa nae-fua 3sR-begin yesterday until 3sI-two from yesterday until the day after tomorrow 73 no-kala ampa Kandari he went as far as Kendari 3sR-go until Kendari 74 ampa aini tula-tula-ku as far as this is my story; until this story-my this was my story Occasionally ampa is used with another preposition: 75 ampa we Raha as far as Raha until loc Raha 76 ampa ne gholeo-no Sinene until Monday until loc day-POS Monday b. It introduces a main clause after a negative conditional clause see 9.13: 6 THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE 145 77 ane pa ome-wora karambau na-fitu-ghulu nagha ampa if FUT.not 2sI-see buffalo FUT-seven-CLAS that until a-[m]eka-mate-ko 1sI-CAUS-die-you If you have not seen found those seven buffaloes, I will kill you

6.2.4. The preposition peda