ME-, MO- -MO Affixes and affix-combinations

10 DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY 305

10.2.28. ME-, MO-

Prefixes on verbal bases, me- for ae-verbs, mo- for ao-verbs. 1. Imperative prefix see 8.7: me-ngkora sit down ngkora sit me-kala-kala walk kala-kala walk mo-lodo go to sleep lodo sleep mo-pilo close your eyes pilo close eyes 2. Clipped participle prefix on verbal bases. See 5.9.2 and 10.2.51 for clipped participles: lalo me-taa a good heart lalo heart taa good oe mo-rindi cold water oe water rindi cold 3. Class affix, that is, an auxiliary affix that occurs only in combination with other affixes and has no independent function or meaning. The class affixes are found in combination with the following affixes only one example is given for each category. The reason why they surface and the variation that is found are not yet accounted for. a. fe- 10.2.4 ne-fe-mo-kanu-ghoo askorder to prepare kanu prepare b. fo 2 - 10.2.7 no-fo-mo-raku he hates uspeople raku hate c. ka- 10.2.17 ka-me-salo request salo request d. ne- 10.2.33 ne-mo-nea-ghoo-no what she is used to nea usual e. piki- 10.2.40 no-piki-mo-lodo he slept quickly lodo sleep f. po- 10.2.41 do-po-mo-ghae-fi they 2 bewail each ghae cry other g. si--ha 10.2.47 do-si-me-tofa-ha they 2 wash together tofa wash 306 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE h. ti- 10.2.49 no-ti-mo-tehi feared tehi afraid 4. Miscellaneous: a. Irregular irrealis prefix with ghondo-hi look for na-mo-ghondo-hi he will look for ghondo look regular: na-gh[um]ondo-hi b. no-mo-isa alone ? ise one mo-rondo last night rondo dark

10.2.29. -MO

The suffix -mo dialectally -mu has a wide range of applications, but a perfective or emphatic meaning component can usually be detected. a. Base is an inflected verb. The suffix -mo signals either a telic, momentary action or the state resulting from that action. In the latter case the English already can be an adequate translation equivalent. The term perfective is based on this use. no-kala-mo he went; he has already kala go gone no-mate-mo he died; he has already mate die,dead died; he is already dead no-bhala-mo it is already big bhala big For the use of -mo in narrative discourse, see 9.21. In combination with the irrealis, -mo signals a near future or an intention that is about to or beginning to be performed at the moment of speech: na-k[um]ala-mo he is about to go; he is kala go leaving this moment nao-lodo-mo he is about to fall lodo sleep asleep As a perfective suffix, -mo is often found as an auxiliary suffix in combination with other affixes for example, mansi-, ta-. On the complexities of the combination of -mo with -Vmu see 10.2.30. b. Base is an imperative. The suffix -mo softens or emphasizes the command, depending on the intonation pattern see 8.7.3. me-ngkora-mo please sit down ngkora sit suli-mo go home, will you suli return c. Base is a simple or complex noun. The suffix here signals emphasis, especially in clauses that consist of only one NP that is it. 10 DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY 307 lambu-ku-mo that is my house lambu house ka-gholi-no-mo that is what she bought gholi buy ka-mate-ha-no-mo that is the reason he mate die, dead died d. Base is a personal pronoun; same function as under c: inodi-mo it is I, I am the one inodi I ihintu-mu it is you, you are the ihintu you one With semantic specialization: anoa-mo that is right; that is it anoa he,she e. Base is a demonstrative derivation: awatu-ha-e-mo there it is watu that f. Base is a prepositional phrase. With the prepositions bhe with, so for and peda like the suffix is added to the preposition. Otherwise, it is suffixed to the noun or pronoun following the preposition. The preposition so, when affixed with -mo, is disyllabic. Again, -mo signals emphasis. soo-mo inodi for me inodi I bhe-mo anoa with him anoa he,she peda-mo anagha like that anagha that ne watu-mo it is over there watu that ampa na ini-mo it is up to here ini this g. -mo also occurs in a large number of adverbs and conjunctions; sometimes with a clear difference in meaning negators, in other cases in free variation with forms without -mo, and in still other cases the form with -mo is the only possible form: miina-mo no more miina not pae-mo will no more pae will not dadiha-no-mo so, therefore dadi-ha-no so, there- fore sumano-mo if only sumano if only sio-sio-mo hopefully ampa-mo only, merely tantu-mo of course kau-kau-mo seemingly, as if also kau-kau-no-mo pooli-mo much more mingkino-mo nevertheless

10.2.30. -VMU