Dubitative Balanced Derivational morphology 275
9.18. Dubitative
A dubitative clause indicates a purpose that is desired but far from certain. The conjunction bhahi also an adverb meaning perhaps, glossed DUB introduces such dubitative clauses. It is not always easy to adequately translate them into English, although the older English construction that...may comes very close. 260 a-[m]angkafi-da-mo bhahi kaawu a-rafo-da 1sI-follow-them-PF DUB only 1sR-catch-them I will follow them that I may find them 261 da-gh[um]ulu telo kamotugha bhahi de-ghawa foo dhanggi 1pI-go.towards in forest DUB 1pR-get mango dhanggi let us go towards the forest that we may get a dhanggi-mango 262 da-s[um]umbele Wa Katogha bhahi kaawu na-ti-taha oe maitu 3pI-slaughter ART Katogha DUB only 3sI-ACC-stop water that they will slaughter Wa Katogha that the water may be stopped 263 a-[m]ora-e-ghoo bhahi no-kesa daano 1sI-see-her-PURP DUB 3sR-beautiful indeed let me see her whether she is indeed beautiful 264 soba pakande-ghoo manu bhahi pa na-ko-rasu try IMP-feed-IO chicken DUB FUT.not 3sI-HAVE-poison feed it to the chickens and see whether it is not poisoned When the content of the dubitative is undesirable, the caveat-prefix ta- is added to the verb: 265 feka-taa ne ini bhahi ta-do-wora-e mie IMP-CAUS-good loc this DUB TA-3pR-see-it people put it here, that people may not see it 266 na-se-mie so me-dhaga-ni-no bhantea bhahi ta-do-di-diu-e FUT-one-person FUT -guard-TR-A.PART hut DUB TA-3pR-RED-move-it one person will guard the hut, that people may not disturb it9.19. Balanced
There are two types of balanced clauses. The first involves the so-called a fortiori argument: if A is such and such, then certainly B. Both parts of such balanced clauses are introduced by conjunctions. The first clause the 266 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE minor clause is marked by salangi, saneghoomo while or ane if, whereas the major clause is introduced by poolimo or poolighoomo possibly from the verb pooli can, be able, often followed by dua too. 267 salangi ihintu mie r[um]emba-no o-[m]ondo-i-mo, poolimo while you person arrive-A.PART 2sI-can-TR-PF much.more dua inodi also I if a newcomer like you can do it, how much more I myself 268 salangi no-moisa we Bandu se-tanga mate-mo, poolimo dua bhe while 3sR-alone loc Bandung one-half dead-PF much.more also with inodi I living alone in Bandung was already a heavy burden on him, how much more when I am with him 269 ane nao-maa-e kadadi ka-mama-no maitu na-mate, poolimo dua if 3sI-eat-it animal NOM-chew-her that 3sI-die much.more also nao-maa-e manusia 3sI-eat-it man when an animal eats her quid, it will die, how much more when a man eats it The other type of balanced sentence is the so-called co-balanced type: the more ... the more. Both clauses are introduced by the conjunction nihompu the more: 270 nihompu no-hende ka-bhari-no ihi-no anoa, nihompu the.more 3sR-grow NOM-much-POS contents-his he the.more no-tubhari no-ungko ne bhai-no 3sR-add 3sR-bow loc friend-his the heavier his ears, the more he = the rice bows to his friends9.20. Direct and indirect speech
Parts
» ebook 52 van den Berg Muna 12 11 12
» General introduction 1 Phonology 15 Words and word classes 41 Verbal inflection 50
» The nominal phrase 76 The prepositional phrase 137 The clause 148
» Clausal modifications 195 The sentence 231
» Location Ecology Muna: the island, the people
» Demography Muna: the island, the people
» Housing and economy Social organization Religion
» History Muna: the island, the people
» Previous studies Language boundaries and dialects
» Subgrouping Literature and language use
» Fieldwork Methodology and framework
» Framework Methodology and framework
» Phoneme inventory Phonetic description
» List of contrasts Phoneme frequency
» Syllable structure Syllable and root structure
» Stress Vowel sequences Derivational morphology 275
» Possessive suffix -ndo-do Allomorphy of -Ci and -Cao
» Adaptation of loanwords Derivational morphology 275
» Words Affixes Words, affixes, clitics
» Inflection and derivation Clitics and cliticization
» Word classes Derivational morphology 275
» Noun Individual discussion of word classes
» Verb Individual discussion of word classes
» Pronoun Numeral Quantifier Adverb Preposition
» Word-class changes and double membership Conclusion
» Subject inflection Derivational morphology 275
» Agreement The three verb classes
» Membership of the three verb classes
» Realis and irrealis Derivational morphology 275
» Definition and illustration The definiteness shift
» Derived transitivity and the definiteness shift
» Exceptions to the definiteness shift
» Minor verb-class changes Derivational morphology 275
» Direct object inflection Indirect object inflection
» The missing first person inclusive The form -kaeta
» Inflection and derived constructions
» The common noun Internal structure of the complex noun
» Derivation Reduced pronouns Pronoun as head of NP: modifiers
» The possessive suffixes Possessive constructions with and without linker
» Forms Locative usage Demonstrative pronoun
» Temporal usage Anaphoric usage
» The referential demonstratives Demonstrative pronoun
» Other usages of the referential demonstratives
» Combinations of demonstratives Demonstrative pronoun
» Derivations of demonstratives Demonstrative pronoun
» Co-occurrence restrictions of o
» Variation in usage Particles
» The numeral The measure phrase
» Derivations on numeral bases
» Derivations on measure-phrase bases
» Classifiers The measure phrase
» Measure nouns Quantifiers The measure phrase
» Quantification The measure phrase
» Relative clause as head of NP
» Types of attributes Attributes
» Internal structure of the nominal phrase Combinations and restrictions of modifiers
» The preposition we The preposition te
» The preposition ne Local prepositions
» The preposition bhe Non-local prepositions
» The preposition so The preposition ampa
» Variation and marked orders Complex prepositions
» Bare intransitive clauses Unmarked order: VS
» Existential clauses with naando
» Existential clauses with bhe
» Unmarked order: SVO Transitive clauses
» Zero objects Object agreement
» Experiential clauses Copular clauses
» Equative clauses Derivational morphology 275
» Exclamatory clauses Derivational morphology 275
» Full indirect objects Indirect object extensions
» Oblique indirect objects Indirect object extensions
» IO pronominal suffix Indirect object extensions
» Temporal periphery Temporal, locative and manner periphery
» Locative periphery Manner periphery
» Vocatives Interjections Other peripheral elements
» Fronting Transitivizing Derivational morphology 275
» Factitives Causatives on dynamic intransitive bases
» Causatives on transitive bases
» The negator suano Other negators
» Content questions The interrogative mode
» Questions introduced by soo-mo Other question words Indirect questions
» The imperative verb form The use of free pronouns in imperatives
» Modifying the imperative: affixes and adverbs
» Marked by active participles
» Marked by passive participles Nominalized relative clauses
» Locative relative clauses Free relatives
» Conjoining: introduction Conjoining without conjunction
» Marked by dependent conjunctions
» Alternative Simultaneous Contrastive Derivational morphology 275
» Additive Surprisive Derivational morphology 275
» Conclusive Clarificatory Conditional Derivational morphology 275
» Concessive Reason Derivational morphology 275
» Manner Purpose Derivational morphology 275
» Dubitative Balanced Derivational morphology 275
» Direct speech Indirect speech
» Perfective -mo in narrative discourse
» The clitic -a Derivational morphology 275
» Affixation: summary Derivational morphology 275
» FEKA- FO Affixes and affix-combinations
» FO FOKO- FOKO--U Affixes and affix-combinations
» -GHOO Affixes and affix-combinations
» -HA Affixes and affix-combinations
» -HI Affixes and affix-combinations
» -HO I- -CAO Affixes and affix-combinations
» -CI Affixes and affix-combinations
» KA- Affixes and affix-combinations
» KA--HA Affixes and affix-combinations
» KA- + REDUPLICATION Affixes and affix-combinations
» KI--HA KO- Affixes and affix-combinations
» KO--HA- KO + REDUPLICATION Affixes and affix-combinations
» -MANA MANSI- + REDUPLICATION MANSO- MBA- + REDUPLICATION
» ME-, MO- -MO Affixes and affix-combinations
» -VMU Affixes and affix-combinations
» MPO- + REDUPLICATION NA- NE- NI-
» NGKO- NSA- + REDUPLICATION PA- PAKA- PARA-
» PE- PIKI- PO- Affixes and affix-combinations
» POKA- + REDUPLICATION PONTA- + REDUPLICATION SA-
» SA--HA SI- SI--HA Affixes and affix-combinations
» TA- Affixes and affix-combinations
» TI- TI- TE- -UM--NO, ME--NO, MO--NO
» Partial reduplication Supernumerary reduplication
Show more