-GHOO Affixes and affix-combinations

284 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE This definitely points towards an analysis in which the forms are treated as units.

10.2.8. FOKO-

Verbal prefix, a-class, amenable to -um-, intransitive. Meaning: to callshout X. Unproductive. a. Base is a simple noun kinship term: no-foko-ina call mother ina mother no-foko-ama call father ama father no-foko-awa call grandparent awa grand- parent b. Base is an interjection: no-foko-adede shout ouch with pain adede ouch

10.2.9. FOKO--U

Nominal circumfix. Unproductive. Used for a limited number of kinship terms. Probably there is a connection with the prefix foko-, so that the true meaning is the one who is called X. Base is a simple noun kinship term: foko-ama-u uncle ama father foko-ina-u aunt ina mother foko-ana-u nephew, niece ana child foko-awa-u sibling of grandparent awa grand- parent

10.2.10. -GHOO

Verbal suffix on verbal bases. 1. To denote an indirect object see 7.9. a. Base is a bound verbal root. These verbs can only occur suffixed with -ghoo or with indirect object inflection see 4.8.2: no-waa-ghoo give no-ghele-ghoo forbid ne-asi-ghoo love, like b. Base is an intransitive or a transitive verb. The argument introduced by -ghoo may fulfil such functions as beneficiary, recipient, instrument see 7.9.1: ne-gholi-ghoo buy for gholi buy ne-pakatu-ghoo send to pakatu send ne-tampoli-ghoo sew with tampoli sew 10 DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY 285 With locative meaning: no-mai-ghoo come from mai come c. Base is a derived verb prefixed with po-: no-po-ghawa-ghoo meet with po-ghawa meet ghawa get no-po-guru-ghoo learn po-guru learn guru teacher With idiosyncratic meaning: no-po-kantibha-ghoo accidentally kantibha hit d. To denote an oblique indirect object see 7.9.2: 1. In reflexive clauses to introduce the reflexive noun wuto self; 2. In clauses containing a ko-derived intransitive verb to introduce a noun which is semantically equivalent to the noun in the verbal derivation; 3. In numeral clauses to introduce an argument that is included in the numeral. For examples of these categories see 7.9.2. Further derivations: ka-waa-ghoo gift waa-ghoo give ka-fo-ntaa-ntaa-ghoo what has been prepared for X fo-ntaa-ntaa prepare ntaa-ntaa ready me-fo-tula-ghoo-no-mo the one who explained to X fo-tula-ghoo explain to X tula also: tula-tula tell a story 2. To indicate a purpose. a. In purpose clauses see 9.17. The verb is either realis or irrealis. ne-gholi-ghoo in order to buy gholi buy na-[m]unda-ghoo in order to jump punda jump b. In adhortative clauses only first person inclusive. See 8.8. do-foni-ghoo let us go up foni go up do-feenagha-ghoo let us ask feenagha ask c. In interrogative clauses following noafa why. See 8.6.3 for examples. 3. The suffix -ghoo also occurs as distinguishable element in a number of conjunctions: pasi-ghoo-no then also pasino, pasina then sane-ghoo-mo while, whereas pooli-ghoo-mo much more also poolimo much more 286 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE

10.2.11. -HA