IO pronominal suffix Indirect object extensions

7 THE CLAUSE 179

7.9.3. IO pronominal suffix

When the indirect object is a known entity, it is often realized as an indirect object pronominal suffix. For the paradigm of this suffix, see 4.8. In the interlinear translation no attempt is made to distinguish between DO and IO pronominal suffixes. Examples with intransitive verbs: 248 no-rato-ane-mo he arrived with her 3sR-arrive-her-PF 249 ta-sambahea-ane we recite prayers for him 1eR-recite.prayer-him With transitive verbs it has to be noted that the definiteness shift is not triggered by a definite IO verb remains in the ae-class, but only by a definite DO verb shifts to the a-class: 250 a. ne-ala-ane-mo kapulu he took a machete against her 3sR-take-her-PF machete b. no-ala-ane-mo kapulu-no he took his machete against her 3sR-take-her-PF machete-his 251 madaho ae-rabu-ane kabhara in a while I will make a stable later 1sI-make-him stable for him 252 kapihi-kanau-umu monifi-ku ini IMP-look.for-me-PLUR dream-my this try to find me my dream 253 a-gh[um]oro-angko dua na-se-wua 1sI-throw-you also FUT-one-fruit I will also throw you another piece of fruit The IO pronominal suffixes are also employed to signal the patient semantic direct object followed by a full indirect object. In other words, to express the combination of the DO suffix -e + -ghoo, the IO pronominal suffix -ane is used. It is crucial to distinguish this -ane from -ane in the preceding section, since in the latter case the definiteness shift is triggered. The DO is definite, even if it is expressed in the form of an IO suffix. In the interlinear translation I will use the gloss itIO, youIO for this use of the IO suffixes to indicate its double function. Examples: 254 a-rako-ane lima-ku I caught him with my hand 1sR-catch-himIO hand-my 255 a-t[um]ulumi-angko hae? with what can I help you? 1sI-help-youIO what 256 do-po-gaati-anda-mo kae-late-ha 3pR-REC-separate-TR-themIO-PF NOM-live-LOC they lived in different places lit. they separated their living place 180 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE 257 no-gholi-ane rea he bought it with his blood 3sR-buy-itIO blood In this last case it is the definiteness shift that shows the indirect object function of the noun rea; compare 257 with 258, where rea is direct object: 258 ne-gholi-ane rea he bought blood for him 3sR-buy-him blood When the DO and the IO are both pronominal suffixes, they can only co-occur when the DO suffix is -e: 259 a-[m]oni-si-angko-e I will climb it for you 1sI-go.up-TR-you-it 260 a-k[um]adiu-anda-e I will wash them with it 1sI-wash-them-it This last example is surprising, since the IO suffix -anda clearly refers to the patient in the context. Apparently the combination of IO pronominal suffixes and the DO suffix -e allows for a wider interpretation, possibly because this is the only ordering that is allowed. Thus -anda-e and not -da- ane or -ane-da can mean it forwith them and they forwith it. For other examples and the shortening of -ane-e to -ane, see 4.8.

7.9.4. Preverbal IO and DO