Relative clause as head of NP

126 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE e. the negator tapa followed by a clipped participle, meaning there is nobody who is not see also 8.5.3: 263 tapa ko-tobho do-rato NEG A.PART-HAVE-dagger 3pR-arrive they all arrived with daggers 6. each, every a. eano see 5.7.6; b. malingu see 5.7.6; c. hamai which see 8.6.2; 264 do-pada-e do-lili-ki-e hamai karumbu 3sR-finish-it 3pR-go.round-TR-it which forest they had gone through every forest d. reduplication of a measure phrase, consisting of a prefixed numeral and a classifier or a measure noun: se-gho-se-gholeo every day se-wu-se-wula every month raa-raa-taghu every two years 7. whole a. ko--ha-e with a measure phrase as base see 5.7.3 and 10.2.22; b. the word suru with certain temporal measure nouns: suru gholeo the whole day suru dhamani the whole season; eternally

5.8. Clausal heads of NP

5.8.1. Relative clause as head of NP

Normally a relative clause modifies a head noun 5.9 and 9.1, but headless relative clauses sometimes referred to as free relatives also occur. In such a case the relative clause becomes the head of the NP. There are several types of relative clauses, but in this section only the subject relative clause formed with the active participle and the object relative clause formed with the passive participle will be illustrated. The terms subject and object in subject and object relative clauses refer to the function of the relativized element participle or noun in the relative clause, not to the function of the relative clause in the main clause. For a full discussion of relative clause formation, see 9.1. a. subject relative clauses: 5 THE NOMINAL PHRASE 127 265 no-ghondo-hi-mo [m]ota-no bhelomba-no 3sR-look-TR-PF pick-A.PART bhelomba-his he looked for the one who had picked his bhelomba k.o.fruit 266 no-kala we ko-lambu-no he went to the one who owns 3sR-go loc HAVE-house-A.PART the house 267 [m]ande-no wamba Wolio no-bhari there are many who know Wolio know-A.PART language Wolio 3sR-many b. object relative clauses: 268 ni-wora-no-mo kaawu kantawu-no kulitoto P.PART-see-her-PF only heap-POS dead.leaves what she saw was only a heap of dead leaves 269 tapi-e ne-pogau-ghoo-ku itu IMP-remember-it P.PART-speak-IO-my that remember what I have said 270 ni-rako-no ini-a o manu ka-pute P.PART-catch-his this-CL ART chicken NOM-white what he had caught was a white chicken These relative constructions can be modified by a demonstrative, as in 269, 270 and 271, or by a quantifier, as in 272 and 273: 271 ne-po-hala-hala-ti-ghoo-ndo ini o doi P.PART-REC-RED-wrong-TR-IO-their this ART money what they quarrelled about was money 272 bhari-bhari-e ni-fumaa everything that is eaten, all RED-all-it P.PART-eat the foods 273 malingu mo-raku-kanau all those who hate me every A.PART-hate-me

5.8.2. Simple verbal clause as head of NP