The negators pata, tapa

8 CLAUSAL MODIFICATIONS 211 120 ane pa bhai-ku, miina-mo nae-wanta fekiri-ku if FUT.not friend-my no.more 3sI-long thinking-my if it had not been for my friend, I would not have thought long For other examples and the usage of sa-pae, see 9.13. The following combinations of pae with adverbs occur: pae dua of course, understandably pa ingka no problem, take it easy 121 pae dua nao-sabha, o karada maitu o ka-ada FUT.not also 3sI-worry ART spear that ART NOM-borrow of course he was worried, the spear was borrowed 122 pa ingka, ta-me-pili-mo itu FUT.not ENIM JUST-IMP-choose-PF that no problem, just take your choice

8.5.3. The negators pata, tapa

Pata is the negator before three different non-finite verbal derivations, namely active and passive participles and ka--ha reason clauses. The suffixes -mo and -ho may again be added to this negator. 1. Pata with active participle see 9.1.1 and 10.2.51: 123 garaa giu pata s[um]aha-no maitu miina na-ti-perapi SURPR something NEG legal-A.PART that not 3sI-ACC-enjoy something unlawful cannot be enjoyed 124 do-bhari pata l[um]ulusu-no there were many who did not pass 3pR-many NEG pass.exam-A.PART the exam 125 no-foroghu ne sere bulawa pata ko-ka-songko-no 3sR-drink loc kettle golden NEG HAVE-NOM-close-A.PART she drank from a golden kettle without a lid 126 ta-anoa-mo pata-ho [m]unda-no only he had not jumped yet JUST-he-PF NEG-yet jump-A.PART 2. Pata with passive participle see 9.1.2 and 10.2.33: 127 foo aini pata ni-uta-ku this is not a mango that I mango this NEG P.PART-pick-my have picked 128 ta-se-mie pata ne-bhasi-ndo STILL-one-person NEG P.PART-call-their there was still one man who had not been called 3. Pata with ka--ha reason clauses see 9.15 and 10.2.18: 129 pata-mo ka-pande-ha-ndo anahi-hi maitu NEG-PF NOM-know-REAS-their child-PLUR that that is the reason those children are not clever 212 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE 130 pata-ho ka-mai-ha-no rampano no-saki ana-no NEG-yet NOM-come-REAS-his because 3sR-sick child-his the reason he has not come yet is that his child is ill Certain focusing adverbs may intervene between the negator and the verb form: 131 pata tora ka-mai-ha-no rampano miina-ho na-ko-doi NEG again NOM-come-REAS-his because not.yet 3sI-HAVE-money the reason he has not come again is because he has not yet got any money The negator tapa is probably related to pata. It is followed by a clipped participle and means there is nobody who is not, in other words everybody is: 132 mie-hi we Wuna tapa ko-galu person-PLUR loc Muna NEG A.PART-HAVE-field the people in Muna all have fields 133 tapa mo-bhela po-gira-gira-no indewi NEG A.PART-wound REC-RED-fight-A.PART yesterday all the people who fought yesterday were wounded

8.5.4. The negator suano