MPO- + REDUPLICATION NA- NE- NI-

10 DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY 309 10.2.31. MPO- + REDUPLICATION Verbal affix-combination; ae-class, intransitive, blocked for -um-. Meaning: pretend to; act as if. a. Base is an intransitive verb; productive: ne-mpo-futa-futaa he pretends to laugh futaa laugh ne-mpo-buri-buri he pretends to write buri write ne-mpo-gaa-gaa he pretends to be married gaa marry ne-mpo-gau-gau 1.he pretends to cook gau cook 2.he pretends to lie gau-gau tell a lie b. Base is a noun; unproductive: ne-mpo-robhi-robhine act like a woman robhine woman pretend to be a woman ne-mpo-ana-ana-hi act like a child ana-hi child pretend to be a child ne-mpo-awa-awa pretend to call awa awa grandparent call awa for no reason

10.2.32. NA-

Prefix on measure phrase bases see also 5.7.3, indicating futurity; productive. na-ompulu-gha in ten days ompulu ten na-se-wua another fruit wua fruit na-fitu-fulu ghunteli seventy eggs fitu-fulu seventy ghunteli egg

10.2.33. NE- NI-

Passive participle prefix on verbal bases. Both ne- and ni- occur in standard Muna, though ne- is the usual form in Katobu. This ne- should not be confused with the subject marker ne- third person singular for ae-verbs. Agents are optionally marked by possessive suffixes. The participle functions in headed and headless relative clauses see 9.1. a. Base is a simple transitive verb: ne-wora-ku what I saw wora see ne-tolo-no what it swallowed tolo swallow ne-owa-ndo what they brought owa bring b. Base is a complex verb: ne-fo-ngkora-no what he put down fo-ngkora put ngkora sit ne-pogau-ghoo-ndo what they talked about pogau-ghoo talk about pogau speak 310 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE ne-pande-hao-ku what I know pande-hao know pande know, clever With semantic specification: ne-ala-no 1.what he took ala take 2.his wife ne-mai-ghoo-ku my experiences mai-ghoo come from mai come Class affixes are found with only one ae-verb, but regularly with ao-verbs. These ao-verbs are intransitive, but a participle can be formed because of the indirect object suffix -ghoo referring to cause, reason or content: ne-me-salo-no what he requested salo request also: ka-me-salo request ne-mo-nea-ghoo-no what she is used to nea usual ne-mo-kae-ghoo-no what he is lacking kae short; lacking ne-mo-saba-ghoo-no what troubles him saba worried Formally divergent -um-form in the passive participle: ne-[m]asi-ghoo-ku what I likelove asi like, love also: ka-[m]asi-ghoo-ku what I likelove

10.3.34. NGKO-