Manner Purpose Derivational morphology 275

9 THE SENTENCE 263 241 ka-mai-ha-ku ne Bandu ini rampano bhe isa-ku NOM-come-REAS-my loc Bandung this because be older.sibling-my the reason that I have come here to Bandung is because my brother is here 242 ka-ti-kona-ha-no wite-no Wuna rampano do-wora kontu NOM-ACC-call-REAS-POS land-POS Wuna because 3pR-see stone ko-wuna-no HAVE-flower-A.PART the reason the land is called Wuna = flower is because they saw a stone with flowers on it 243 pata kao-lodo-ha-ndo morondo rampano no-rindi siaghe NEG NOM-sleep-REAS-their last.night because 3sR-cold too the reason they did not sleep last night is because it was too cold When the result is presented in a new sentence, with the reason preceding in the previous sentence, the perfective suffix -mo is added to the nominalization. If the negator pata is present, -mo is suffixed there. 244 kansuru no-punda ne suo. Ka-mate-ha-no-mo at.once 3sR-jump loc bamboo.trap NOM-die-REAS-his-PF at once he jumped into the bamboo trap. And that is the reason he died 245 Pata-mo ka-pande-ha-ndo anahi-hi do-wamba Inggirisi NEG-PF NOM-know-REAS-their child-PLUR 3pR-language English and that is the reason the children do not speak English

9.16. Manner

Manner clauses are introduced by the conjunctive preposition pedamo like, as see 6.2.4, followed by an active or passive participle clause. 246 no-ghompa-e-mo peda me-ghompa-no kontu 3sR-throw-him-PF like -throw-A.PART stone he threw him away like one throws a stone 247 ane do-fumaa-e do-mate-ane peda ne-pulu-ghoo-no if 3pR-eat-it 3pR-die-it like P.PART-mention-IO-his ka-bhatatala-hao-no NOM-curse-INT-his if one eats it one dies because of it, as is mentioned in the curse 248 se-paku naando se-mie no-kala ne-kapihi so ne-fumaa-no one-time be one-person 3sR-go 3sR-search FUT P.PART-eat-his peda ne-mo-nea-ha-ghoo-no like P.PART-CA-usual-HA-IO-his once a man went to look for his food as he was used to 264 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE

9.17. Purpose

Purpose clauses are marked as such by the suffix -ghoo 10.2.10 on the verb glossed PURP. This purpose -ghoo is different from, though possibly related to, the indirect object suffix -ghoo. The verb is in the realis or irrealis, depending on whether the purpose is generic or refers to a specific future action. 249 horo-kaeta a-[m]unda-ghoo move a little so that I can move-us 1sI-jump-PURP jump 250 no-kala we sangku nae-wei-ghoo he goes to the forest to clear 3sR-go loc forest 3sI-clear-PURP it 251 mo-pilo tora a-h[um]oro-angko-ghoo IMP-close.eyes again 1sI-fly-you-PURP close your eyes again so that I can fly with you 252 no-fo-guru anahi hende bughou do-pande-ha-ane-ghoo dua 3sR-CAUS-learn child growth new 3sR-know-INT-it-PURP too it teaches the younger generation so that they will know too When the purpose clause contains the preposition so for, this indicates a close link between a noun in the main clause not the subject and the purpose or the result. This noun functions as an instrument in the purpose clause: 253 no-sangke pandanga-no so na-l[um]ogha-e-ghoo 3sR-lift spear-his for 3sI-stab-him-PURP he lifted his spear to stab him 254 ne-salo-mo anagha so kaawu da-po-fehulai-ghoo 3sR-ask-PF that for only 3pI-REC-remember-PURP he asked that so that they would remember each other 255 miina na-ko-doi so nae-gholi-ghoo pae not 3sI-HAVE-money for 3sI-buy-PURP rice he did not have money to buy rice With vowel-initial verbs, so is often cliticized to the verb, for example s-ae- gholi-ghoo for me to buy so ae-gholi-ghoo see 3.1.4. 256 fo-ada-kanau deki doi-mu s-a-c[um]eta-ghoo tesisi-ku IMP-CAUS-borrow-me first money-your for-1sI-print-PURP thesis-my lend me some of your money so that I can print my thesis This so also occurs in purpose clauses following the question words peda hae or peda hamai how: 257 bhara [m]eda hae so dae-ghawa-ghoo harasia? maybe IRR.like what for 1pI-get-PURP secret how can we possibly get children? Negative purpose clauses are introduced by the conjunction koana lest. There is no -ghoo suffix on the verb, which must be in the realis mood: 9 THE SENTENCE 265 258 runsa-e-mo ne ini koana no-meme IMP-put-it-PF loc this lest 3sR-wet put it here so that it wont get wet 259 da-s[um]angke kolaki-no ghoti ne-fumaa koana do-po-gira-gira 1pI-appoint ruler-POS food P.PART-eat lest 1pR-REC-RED-fight we will appoint a leader of the foods so that we wont be quarrelling with one another

9.18. Dubitative