Pronoun Numeral Quantifier Adverb Preposition

3 WORDS AND WORD CLASSES 47 by ghosa and kala, hence the categorization into stative and dynamic in- transitive verbs.

3.3.3. Pronoun

There are two, structurally different, sets of pronouns: personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns. The set of free personal pronouns to be distinguished from pronominal af- fixes such as subject markers comprises six basic members, for example inodi I; ihintu you see 5.3. The set of demonstrative pronouns comprises six members, for example aini this; awatu that far see 5.5. Other traditional pronominal categories are not needed, since possessive pronouns are in fact possessive suffixes 5.4, while positing a category of interrogative pronouns would obscure the fact that question words are drawn from more than one word class see 8.6.2.

3.3.4. Numeral

This is a closed class of 15 basic words. Combinations of these words add up to a much larger number, which, however, is fully regular and predictable. Nine of these numeral words the numbers one to nine occur in three forms: free, prefixed and reduplicated. Numerals and their derivational possibilities are discussed as part of the measure phrase in 5.7.

3.3.5. Quantifier

The class of quantifiers is a closed class of six members, such as eano every, sabhara all kinds of. Quantifiers are usually placed in front of the head noun they modify, though some quantifiers can float to other positions in the clause. For a detailed treatment of quantifiers see 5.7.6.

3.3.6. Adverb

Adverbs are words that modify the verb or the whole clause. They form a closed class with several subclasses: 1. Temporal adverbs, for example indewi yesterday 2. Intensifying adverbs, for example sepaliha very 3. Focusing adverbs, for example dua also, too 4. Negators, for example miina no, not 5. Disjuncts, for example hadae maybe. Adverbs are further discussed and illustrated in the chapter on clausal syntax 7.11.

3.3.7. Preposition

Prepositions are a closed class of elements specifying the semantic relation- ship that holds between a verb and a nominal. There are two subclasses of prepositions: 1. local prepositions: we, te and ne; 2. non-local prepositions: bhe with, peda like, so for and ampa until. On the meaning and usage of simple and complex prepositions, see Chapter 6. 48 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE

3.3.8. Conjunction