FO FOKO- FOKO--U Affixes and affix-combinations

10 DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY 283 c. Base is a noun: ne-fo-guru teach guru teacher also: po-guru learn ne-fo-kamokula entrust an old man kamokula old, elder with a special task d. Base is a complex verb: ne-fo-fe-wise put something opposite to fe-wise to face wise front Further derivations: no-fe-fo-limba-e he ordered it to be taken out fo-limba take out limba go out ka-fo-rato-ghoo-ku what I have been told fo-rato tell rato arrive do-po-fo-gho-fo-ghonu they came together, held a meeting fo-ghonu bring together ghonu present

10.2.7. FO

2 - Verbal prefix, a-class, resistant to -um-, intransitive. Meaning: detransitivizer: a human usually first person inclusive object is implied but left unspecified see 8.3. Productive. a. Base is a simple transitive verb: no-fo-pongko kill uspeople pongko kill no-fo-kadiu bathe uspeople kadiu bathe no-fo-ato accompany uspeople ato accompany no-fo-tulumi help uspeople tulumi help With certain verbs the class affixes -me- and -mo- surface: no-fo-mo-raku hate uspeople raku hate no-fo-me-ala-hi serve uspeople ala-hi serve b. Base is a derived transitive verb including causative verbs with fo 1 -: no-fo-sampu-niki come down upon uspeople sampu-niki come down upon sampu go down no-fo-fo-guru teach uspeople fo-guru teach guru teacher no-fo-fo-lente assist uspeople in giving birth fo-lente give birth lente be born c. The verbs fumaa variant fomaa eat, foroghu drink and futaa variant fotaa laugh possibly show a fossilized prefix fo-. If that is the case, the prefix has changed both in function and in form from either fo 1 - or fo 2 - since none of the verbs is causative in meaning. On the other hand, the first two are transitive, while all three are amenable to -um-. 284 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE This definitely points towards an analysis in which the forms are treated as units.

10.2.8. FOKO-

Verbal prefix, a-class, amenable to -um-, intransitive. Meaning: to callshout X. Unproductive. a. Base is a simple noun kinship term: no-foko-ina call mother ina mother no-foko-ama call father ama father no-foko-awa call grandparent awa grand- parent b. Base is an interjection: no-foko-adede shout ouch with pain adede ouch

10.2.9. FOKO--U

Nominal circumfix. Unproductive. Used for a limited number of kinship terms. Probably there is a connection with the prefix foko-, so that the true meaning is the one who is called X. Base is a simple noun kinship term: foko-ama-u uncle ama father foko-ina-u aunt ina mother foko-ana-u nephew, niece ana child foko-awa-u sibling of grandparent awa grand- parent

10.2.10. -GHOO