-CI Affixes and affix-combinations

292 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE no-ti-pande-hao known pande-hao know pande know, clever do-po-angka-tao they respect each other angka-tao respect angka appoint ka-tumbu-lao pole, house post tumbu-lao plant firmly in the ground; hit firmly tumbu pound, hit

10.2.16. -CI

Verbal suffix, with a number of allomorphs. The binding consonant C may be zero or any consonant, except for the voiced stops and all the prenasalized consonants see 2.8.4. There do not seem to be any semantic criteria that determine the choice for a particular allomorph. a. Base is a simple transitive verb. The meaning is iterative or repetitive, the action is performed several times, either to one object with for example to hit or to several objects with for example to pick up. This category is not productive, although there are probably a few hundred verbs that can take this affix: ne-uta-li pick fruit uta pick repeatedly fruit ne-kuru-si shave repeatedly kuru shave ne-dodo-wi slice repeatedly dodo slice ne-ene-pi pick up repeatedly ene pick up ne-punto-ri blow repeatedly punto blow ne-sia-ti bite repeatedly sia bite ne-ghoro-fi throw away repeatedly ghoro throw away b. Base is a simple intransitive verb. The suffix adds an argument to the predicate, of which the semantic function varies locative, petative. See 8.1 for other examples and the syntactic properties of this derivation. ne-liu-ghi pass tr liu go by ne-maho-ti approach maho near ne-ghumu-ti dive for ghumu dive ne-hunda-pi agree to hunda agree ne-futaa-hi laugh at futaa laugh ne-ghoghora-fi urinate on ghoghora urinate ne-punda-ghi jump for punda jump ne-tumbu-ghi grow on tumbu grow ne-suli-ki return to get something; suli return repeat ne-horo-mi fly for, fly to get sth horo fly ne-ere-mi stand up to get sth ere stand up ne-pee-ri land on pee land c. Base is a transitive verb. This is only a very small class with some idiosyncratic meanings. 10 DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY 293 ne-tudu-mi make an extension to tudu connect, join ne-ghonto-mi close off against, ghonto close protect ne-ghondo-hi look for ghondo look at ne-ala-hi serve food to ala take d. Base is a simple noun; the derived verb is transitive. Limited number. ne-kolambu-ngi put a mosquito net on kolambu mosquito net ne-parinta-ngi command, order parinta order ne-rae-mi reach out for rae reach n ne-wise-ki face wise front ne-kontu-i pave kontu stone ne-harabu-i cover with dust harabu dust e. The suffix -Ci is found in combination with other affixes: ne-fo-foroghu-ti cause to drink foroghu drink ne-fe-wanu-i wash somebodys hands wanu wash hands or feet or feet ne-fe-ghato-i cover with a roof ghato roof ne-fe-paeasa-ghi put the glass in paeasa glass, mirror ne-fe-ompu-ni-ghi treat as lord, honour, ompu lord sustain, support with gifts Certain peculiarities need to be mentioned with respect to the suffix -Ci: a. A few verbs have more than one allomorph with different meanings: no-angka go, take a route ne-angka-i go for, stop at to get ne-angka-fi follow, go along with b. There is some dialectal variation with certain verbs as to the allomorph: ne-ene-pi ne-ene-mi, ne-ene-wi to pick up repeatedly ne-tolo-fi ne-tolo-wi to swallow repeatedly ne-longko-fi ne-longko-wi to stoop to get ne-ghumbo-ri ne-ghumbo-ni,ne-ghumbo-mi to smoke out ne-siki-pi ne-siki-ri, ne-siki-wi to spoon up c. Some bases have special bound forms or double suffixation: ne-tende-reki run towards tende run ne-sampu-niki come down upon sampu go down d. A comparison of the binding consonants of the suffixes -Cao and -Ci shows that there is often, but not always, agreement, when a verbal root allows for both derivations: 294 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE ne-tumbu-li hit repeatedly tumbu hit, pound ne-tumbu-lao plant firmly in the ground, hit firmly ne-puru-si take off leaves puru take off repeatedly leaves ne-puru-sao take off leaves randomly ne-longko-fi stoop down to get longko stoop ne-longko-fao falllie face downward ne-rambi-si hit repeatedly rambi hit ne-rambi-tao fling down

10.2.17. KA-