Types of juxtaposed clauses
9.2.1. Types of juxtaposed clauses
Using the semantic relationship between the two clauses as a basis, the following division can be made. a. The juxtaposed clause denotes condition, circumstance or result. In most of these examples it is possible to add a conjunction for example, ane if, which results in a conjoined construction: 61 ana-no naando ne-ndo-ndole do-libu-libu-e child-his be 3sR-RED-lie 3pR-RED-surround-him isa-hi-hi-no older.sibling-PLUR-PLUR-his his child was still lying there surrounded by his older brothers and sisters 62 nao-kesa sepaliha dua suara-no ane nae-lagu 3sI-beautiful very also voice-his if 3sI-sing his voice will also be very beautiful when he sings 63 do-dadi te dhunia ini miina nae-mbali do-ka-angka-angka ne 3pR-live loc world this not 3sI-can 3pR-KA-RED-go loc ka-pudhi NOM-praise while living in this world one must not be led astray by praise b. The juxtaposed clause is an elaboration or clarification of the first clause. No conjunction can be added in these examples. The subjects of the first and the second clause are identical and the verbs must agree in mood either both realis or both irrealis: 64 o ndoke ne-wei no-puru-si-e roo-no sau ART monkey 3sR-clear 3sR-pull.off-REP-it leaf-POS tree the monkey was clearing the forest by pulling the leaves off the trees 65 no-tanampe mie anagha ne-salo ne Kakawasa 3sR-lift.hands person that 3sR-ask loc God the man lifted his hands in supplication to God 66 no-tende dahu no-hamba katogha the dog ran chasing the crow 3sR-run dog 3sR-chase crow 67 do-sawi ne hae do-kala? how will we go? 1pR-go.by loc what 1pR-go using what kind of vehicle? 68 dadi no-ghi-ghito Wa Ode Rangkuno Bhea no-pototo ndoke so 3sR-RED-black Wa Ode Rangkuno Bhea 3sR-same monkey so Wa Ode Rangkuno Bhea was as black as a monkey 240 A GRAMMAR OF THE MUNA LANGUAGE 69 no-bheti A Se-tu-se-tuda no-losi we ghabu 3sR-jump.aside ART RED-one-span 3sR-arrive.at loc kitchen One-span jumped aside into the kitchen c. The juxtaposed clause follows a clause containing a motion verb such as kala go, foni go up indicating a kind of purpose. Usually, but not necessarily, the juxtaposed clause follows right after the motion verb. Again, the subjects of the two clauses must be identical and the verbs must agree in mood. 70 naewine da-si-kala-ha dae-kabua we tehi tomorrow 1pI-SI-go-HA 1pI-fish loc sea tomorrow we will go fishing together in the sea 71 andoa da-[m]oni dae-empe ka-mo-taha te molo so kamokula-ndo they 3pI-go.up 3pI-take.up NOM-CA-ripe loc mountains for parent-their they will go and bring the cooked food to the mountains for their parents 72 pasino no-suli-mo no-bhasi ndoke after.that 3sR-return-PF 3sR-call monkey after that he went home to call the monkey The verb mai-ghoo come from, when juxtaposed to a motion verb, may lose its subject marker and become almost preposition-like: 73 ta-ere-mo we Malang ta-mai-ghoo te Kandari 1eR-leave-PF loc Malang 1eR-come-IO loc Kendari we ex left for Malang coming from Kendari 74 no-suli-mo mai-ghoo ne-kabua he returned from fishing 3sR-return-PF come-IO 3sR-fish d. The juxtaposed clause consists of a numeral verb, also agreeing with the first verb in subject and mood: 75 da-l[um]eni-mo da-ru-dua let us two swim together 1pI-swim-PF 1pI-RED-two 76 do-suli-mo do-to-tolu do-po-angka-angka 3pR-return-PF 3pR-RED-three 3pR-REC-RED-go the three of them went home behind one another9.2.2. Subject complementation
Parts
» ebook 52 van den Berg Muna 12 11 12
» General introduction 1 Phonology 15 Words and word classes 41 Verbal inflection 50
» The nominal phrase 76 The prepositional phrase 137 The clause 148
» Clausal modifications 195 The sentence 231
» Location Ecology Muna: the island, the people
» Demography Muna: the island, the people
» Housing and economy Social organization Religion
» History Muna: the island, the people
» Previous studies Language boundaries and dialects
» Subgrouping Literature and language use
» Fieldwork Methodology and framework
» Framework Methodology and framework
» Phoneme inventory Phonetic description
» List of contrasts Phoneme frequency
» Syllable structure Syllable and root structure
» Stress Vowel sequences Derivational morphology 275
» Possessive suffix -ndo-do Allomorphy of -Ci and -Cao
» Adaptation of loanwords Derivational morphology 275
» Words Affixes Words, affixes, clitics
» Inflection and derivation Clitics and cliticization
» Word classes Derivational morphology 275
» Noun Individual discussion of word classes
» Verb Individual discussion of word classes
» Pronoun Numeral Quantifier Adverb Preposition
» Word-class changes and double membership Conclusion
» Subject inflection Derivational morphology 275
» Agreement The three verb classes
» Membership of the three verb classes
» Realis and irrealis Derivational morphology 275
» Definition and illustration The definiteness shift
» Derived transitivity and the definiteness shift
» Exceptions to the definiteness shift
» Minor verb-class changes Derivational morphology 275
» Direct object inflection Indirect object inflection
» The missing first person inclusive The form -kaeta
» Inflection and derived constructions
» The common noun Internal structure of the complex noun
» Derivation Reduced pronouns Pronoun as head of NP: modifiers
» The possessive suffixes Possessive constructions with and without linker
» Forms Locative usage Demonstrative pronoun
» Temporal usage Anaphoric usage
» The referential demonstratives Demonstrative pronoun
» Other usages of the referential demonstratives
» Combinations of demonstratives Demonstrative pronoun
» Derivations of demonstratives Demonstrative pronoun
» Co-occurrence restrictions of o
» Variation in usage Particles
» The numeral The measure phrase
» Derivations on numeral bases
» Derivations on measure-phrase bases
» Classifiers The measure phrase
» Measure nouns Quantifiers The measure phrase
» Quantification The measure phrase
» Relative clause as head of NP
» Types of attributes Attributes
» Internal structure of the nominal phrase Combinations and restrictions of modifiers
» The preposition we The preposition te
» The preposition ne Local prepositions
» The preposition bhe Non-local prepositions
» The preposition so The preposition ampa
» Variation and marked orders Complex prepositions
» Bare intransitive clauses Unmarked order: VS
» Existential clauses with naando
» Existential clauses with bhe
» Unmarked order: SVO Transitive clauses
» Zero objects Object agreement
» Experiential clauses Copular clauses
» Equative clauses Derivational morphology 275
» Exclamatory clauses Derivational morphology 275
» Full indirect objects Indirect object extensions
» Oblique indirect objects Indirect object extensions
» IO pronominal suffix Indirect object extensions
» Temporal periphery Temporal, locative and manner periphery
» Locative periphery Manner periphery
» Vocatives Interjections Other peripheral elements
» Fronting Transitivizing Derivational morphology 275
» Factitives Causatives on dynamic intransitive bases
» Causatives on transitive bases
» The negator suano Other negators
» Content questions The interrogative mode
» Questions introduced by soo-mo Other question words Indirect questions
» The imperative verb form The use of free pronouns in imperatives
» Modifying the imperative: affixes and adverbs
» Marked by active participles
» Marked by passive participles Nominalized relative clauses
» Locative relative clauses Free relatives
» Conjoining: introduction Conjoining without conjunction
» Marked by dependent conjunctions
» Alternative Simultaneous Contrastive Derivational morphology 275
» Additive Surprisive Derivational morphology 275
» Conclusive Clarificatory Conditional Derivational morphology 275
» Concessive Reason Derivational morphology 275
» Manner Purpose Derivational morphology 275
» Dubitative Balanced Derivational morphology 275
» Direct speech Indirect speech
» Perfective -mo in narrative discourse
» The clitic -a Derivational morphology 275
» Affixation: summary Derivational morphology 275
» FEKA- FO Affixes and affix-combinations
» FO FOKO- FOKO--U Affixes and affix-combinations
» -GHOO Affixes and affix-combinations
» -HA Affixes and affix-combinations
» -HI Affixes and affix-combinations
» -HO I- -CAO Affixes and affix-combinations
» -CI Affixes and affix-combinations
» KA- Affixes and affix-combinations
» KA--HA Affixes and affix-combinations
» KA- + REDUPLICATION Affixes and affix-combinations
» KI--HA KO- Affixes and affix-combinations
» KO--HA- KO + REDUPLICATION Affixes and affix-combinations
» -MANA MANSI- + REDUPLICATION MANSO- MBA- + REDUPLICATION
» ME-, MO- -MO Affixes and affix-combinations
» -VMU Affixes and affix-combinations
» MPO- + REDUPLICATION NA- NE- NI-
» NGKO- NSA- + REDUPLICATION PA- PAKA- PARA-
» PE- PIKI- PO- Affixes and affix-combinations
» POKA- + REDUPLICATION PONTA- + REDUPLICATION SA-
» SA--HA SI- SI--HA Affixes and affix-combinations
» TA- Affixes and affix-combinations
» TI- TI- TE- -UM--NO, ME--NO, MO--NO
» Partial reduplication Supernumerary reduplication
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