Representatives The Types of Searle’s Speech Acts in Terms of Illocutionary Acts and

The teacher’s utterances above illustrate an act of explaining in which the teacher tried to enlighten the students about two types omniscience as part of point of view of narrative, namely omniscient limited and omniscient objective. When performing the utterances, the teacher expressed the truth of proposition which she believed to be the case. Thus, her utterances fall into the category of representatives which carry the illocutionary force of explaining. Just like the two preceding examples, there was no performative verb mentioned. However, her utterances can be identified by its mood which was in the form of declarative. 3 Agreeing Agreeing means having the same opinion or accepting the suggestion. The illocutionary force of agreeing was delivered by teacher as shown in the following example: T: And then omniscience. Omniscience. I don’t know what it is in Indonesian. S: Serba tahu. Knowing everything. T: Oh, serba tahu artinya. OK. Tapi dalam bahasa Indonesia mungkin tidak masuk sudut pandang. Oh, it means knowing everything. OK. But perhaps it is not included into point of view in Indonesian. Ss: Masuk. It is. T: There are two main types of omniscient point of view. Omniscient limited, yang terbatas, and omniscient objective. Omniscient limited, we know only what the character knows and what the author allows him or her to tell us. M-465525:03-26:00 The phrase “Something like that” implies that the teacher agreed with the students about something. Previously, the teacher had explained to her students about the notion of theme in a story. She, then, asked her students the theme of Snow White. Some of her students answered that the theme was love story. In this case, the teacher agreed with her students that the theme of Snow White was love story. Another example of agreeing is exemplified below: The example above shows that the teacher agreed with the student about something. She had the same opinion with her student who adored her own mother and regarded her mother as her idol. It can be concluded that the teacher has performed representative act with agreeing as its illocutionary force since she committed herself to the truth of expressed proposition and T: And then tema. Theme. The theme as a piece of fiction is its controlling idea or its central insight. Yang namanya tema adalah setunggal fiksi yang mengontrol ide atau sudut pandang di dalamnya. It is the author’s underlying meaning or main idea that he is trying to convey. Yang namanya tema itu sesuatu yang ada di pikiran penulis yang akan diceritakan atau dikembangkan ke dalam sebuah cerita. Kalau misalnya Snow White temanya apa? For example Snow White, what is the theme? S: Love story. T: Love story? S: Love story. T: Something like that. M-466027:24-27:25 T: Amalia Dwi, who is she? S: She is my mom.

T: Oh, your mom. Good. I agree with you.

M-467533:11-33:14 the direction of fit was also words to world. In addition, the act of agreeing was also marked by the use of performative verb “agree”. The teacher also produced agreeing as can be seen in the following example: The teacher accepted one of her students’ suggestion who suggested her about the theme of the story “The Red Rose and the Nightingale”. In performing agreeing, she did it affirmatively. The word “yes” also indicates that she agreed with the student’s suggestion. 4 Predicting The purpose of predicting is to say or estimate that a specified thing will happen in the future. Predicting falls into the category of representatives since it carries the truth of proposition. The situation where the teacher produced the illocutionary act of predicting is exemplified below: In the datum above, the teacher made a prediction for tomorrow. She predicted that the students would go home earlier. She made a prediction based on the situation that they would have a culture parade around the town S: It’s about life.

T: Yes. Life becomes the theme also. M-4691109:18-109:22

T: And today is the last meeting of our class. Is it right? Ss: Yes.

T: So tomorrow is Saturday. It means that tomorrow perhaps you

will go home earlier. M-351401:04-01:10