Types of the Research

3. Conclusion Drawing and Verification Conclusion drawing involves moving back to consider what the analyzed data mean and to assess whether the data findings fit the objectives of the study. At this stage, the data that has been analyzed were read and re-read to develop the conclusions regarding the study. The conclusions, then, were verified by revisiting the data as many times as necessary. Verification was also enhanced by conducting peer checking and consultation with the supervisors.

E. Data Trustworthiness

Validating the result of the research is important in any type of research for influencing the findings and the analysis. If the data are not valid, thus, the analysis is not reliable. According to Lodico, Dean and Katherine 2010: 169 the criteria to evaluate qualitative study include credibility, dependability, conformability and transferability. This research, however, only used credibility, dependability, and conformability as tools to check the trustworthiness of the data. Credibility refers to whether the participants’ perceptions of the settings or events match up with the researcher’s portrayal of them in the research report Lodico, Dean and Katherine, 2010: 169. The credibility was enhanced by discussing how the information provided by the data sources was compared through triangulation technique to verify the conclusions. The sources were utterances uttered by the English teacher of grade X IBB of SMA N 1 Purworejo in the English teaching-learning process. Meanwhile, the theories of pragmatics, speech acts, teaching and learning are referred in this study. Once credibility was achieved, the consistency should be fulfilled. To achieve dependability, the detailed explanations of how the data were collected and analyzed were provided. Finally, to avoid such subjectivity, conformability was applied in this study. To check on the conformability, triangulation technique was used. This was done by doing consultation with two English lecturers, who also played roles as the researcher’s supervisors. Peer checking was also conducted to establish conformability. The peer debriefing was held by asking two colleagues majoring linguistics in English Education Department to give suggestions and opinions about the data analysis. In addition, the researcher also checked the data by consulting them with some articles, books and journals which were relevant with the objectives of the study.