Geographical Position Posisi Geografis

716 Proceeding Seminar Nasional II Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Andalas Demokrasi, Desentralisasi, Governance Tabel 1. Area Kunci IORA dan Pencapaiannya No Key Achievement 1 Maritime Safety and Security This 2015 COM, Indonesia has chosen the theme of its Chairmanship as Strengthening Maritime Cooperation in a Peaceful and Stable Indian Ocean. The IORA Foreign Ministers announced a Maritime Declaration in October 2015. IORA has an MOU on Search and Rescue Cooperation to expand the channels of communication and cooperation among the search and rescue agencies of the region. 9 Member States namely Australia, Bangladesh, Union of Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Singapore, South Africa and Thailand have signed the MOU. Madagascar signed at the recent 15COM in Padang, Indonesia IORA advances maritime security through a number of experts meetings, including one hosted by India in October 2015 and mechanisms such as the Indian Ocean Dialogue. 1st Dialogue held in Kochi, 2nd in Perth, 3rd planned in Padang in 2016 2nd Expert meeting in 2016 in India 2 Trade and Investment Facilitation Economic and Business Conference EBC - The first EBC was co-hosted by India and Mauritius and took place on 4-5 July 2013 in Mauritius. The EBC proposes to bring together policy plannersdecision makers of governmentpublic agencies and captains of trade and industryprivate sector businesses of IORA Member States with the view to strengthen trade relations. The second EBC is being planned in UAE, April 2016. Study on bilateral and regional trade and investment-related agreements, arrangements and dialogues between Member States. The TOR to gather this information would be formulated by the Chair in Indian Ocean Studies. Initiative from Indonesia to develop an IORA Investment Guidelines in consultation with Member States 3 Fisheries Management Fisheries Support Unit FSU – Implementation of the Action plan Workshop on Fisheries Management, Kochi, 9 - 21 December 2013; Workshop: Sustainable Aquaculture and Artisanal Fisheries Development in Eastern African Member States, Zanzibar, 11 - 13 August 2014. 1st IORA Blue Economy Core Group Workshop on “Promoting Fisheries Aquaculture and Maritime Safety Security Cooperation in Indian Ocean region”, Durban, South Africa, 4 - 5 May 2015 IORA Trainer’s training programme on Marine Aquaculture To promote sharing of knowledge and best practices in the marine aquaculture sector under Sustainable Development Programme SDP, May 2016. The administrative, logistical and budgetary arrangements is being finalized by the IORA Secretariat in consultation with Madagascar 4 Disaster Risk Management Study on Risk Assessment and Numerical Modeling of Tsunami Waves in Oman Sea. Meeting of IORA Ocean Forecasting Officials, Perth, Australia, May 2013 Workshop on “Exploring Preemptive Disaster Risk Management Measures to Ensuring Human Security”, Dar es Salaam, from 20 - 21 April 2015 Secretariat is in consultation with Member States to collect information on Disaster to avoid duplication. a workshop on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2016 in India 5 Academic, Science and Technology Cooperation Appointment of Prof. Attri as Chair in Indian Ocean Studies in the University of Mauritius – currently working on the Journal of Indian Ocean Rim Studies JIORS by Prof. Attri, Chair in Indian Ocean Studies Journal of the Indian Ocean Rim JIOR – funded by Australia in 2015 and 2016 and one Edition to be funded by Indonesia in 2017. University Mobility Program of Indian Ocean Region UMIOR and Open Virtual University under consideration 6 Tourism and Cultural Exchanges Ministerial meeting have been held in Seychelles in Nov 2014 followed by 2nd Expert meeting in South Africa in the sidelines of INDABA in May 2015. Tourism Feasibility Study by Grant Thornton Lead Coordinator: Oman – 2 phases completed. 2nd phase under consideration by Member States Meeting of the Core Group on Promoting Cultural Cooperation among IORA Member States – 2 meetings held and a work plan has been formulated 717 Penguatan Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora Untuk Perbaikan Karakter Bangsa Indonesia Demokrasi, Desentralisasi, Governance Tabel 2. Cross Cutting Issue dan Pencapaiannya No Cross Cutting Issue Achievement 1 Women Empowerment Women’s Economic Empowerment event with a Focus on Tourism and Textiles in IORA countries, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 17 - 19 August 2014 Women Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation, Hyderabad, India, 17 - 19 September 2014 Mobilising Markets and Commitments to Gender Equality in the Indian Ocean Rim Region”, Mahé Island, Seychelles, 24-25 August 2015 – Mahé consensus was the outcome. 2 Blue Economy Blue Economy theme was recognised as a high priority area at the 14th COM in Australia, October 2014. First IORA Ministerial Blue Economy Conference, 2-3 September 2015, Mauritius - Focused on the following priority sectors: Fisheries and Aquaculture, Renewable Ocean. Outcome Energy, Seaports and Shipping, Offshore Hydrocarbons and Seabed Minerals. The deliberations and outcomes of the BEC resulted in the ‘Mauritius Declaration on the Blue Economy’ which seeks to harness oceans and maritime resources to drive economic growth, job creation and innovation, while safeguarding sustainability and environmental protection. 3 other meetings preceded the Ministerial meeting: Blue Economy Core Group Workshop on “Promoting Fisheries Aquaculture and Maritime Safety Security Cooperation in Indian Ocean region”, 4 – 5 May 2015, Durban, South Africa, Workshop on “Exploration and Development of Seabed Minerals and Hydrocarbons: Current Capability and Emerging Science Needs”, 26 - 27 July 2015, Bali, Indonesia; IORA Dialogue on the Blue Economy in Goa, India on 17-18 August, 2014 Blue Economy Conference II- Indonesia, 2017 Sumber :V.N. Attri, Growing Strength of Indian Ocean Rim AssociationIORA And Emerging Global Development Paradigms, dioalah penulis Sebagian besar bentuk kegiatan IORA adalah dalam bentuk workshop dan pelatihan yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh para peserta dari negara-negara anggota untuk berbagi pengalaman, pengetahuan dan teknologi.Dari berbagai program tersebut bermunculan inisiatif-inisiatif baru untuk memajukan kerjasama dan program pembangunan. Disamping itu berbagai konfrensi dan pertemuan juga menghasilkan kesepakatan bersama untuk menyelesaikan berbagai persoalan dan upaya pencegahan terjadinya konflik di masa mendatang.Selama keketuaan Indonesia dalam IORA seharusnya dapat dimafaatkan dengan maksimal oleh Indonesia, khususnya Sumatera Barat.

2. Pemetaan Potensi Maritim Sumatera Barat

Sumatera Barat adalah salah satu wilayah Indonesia yang berbatasan langsung dengan perairan Samudra India. Ketika Indonesia ditunjuk menjadi ketua IORA 2015-2017, Padang, Ibukota Provinsi Sumatera Barat beberapa menjadi tuan rumah pelaksanaan beberapa pertemuan IORA. Momen ini memberikan ransangan dan motivasi bagi pemerintah lokal, pemuka masyarakat, akademisi dan khususnya pebisnis Sumatera Barat untuk memanfaatkan IORA dalam pembangunan ekonomi maritim.Samudra Hindia sebagai urat nadi kehidupan masyarakat pesisir barat Sumater Barat, merupakan sumber power yang potensial untuk dimobilisasi dalam mencapai kesejahteraan. Memiliki wilayah pesisir yang berbatasan langsung dengan Samudra Hindia merupakan sumber sea power yang strategis baik secara ekonomi, politik maupun keamanan. Samudra Hindia yang menyimpan potensi sekaligus juga permasalahan akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan masyarakat yang tinggal di sepanjang pesisirnya. Berangkat dari pemikiran Mahan mengenaielemen sea power, pontesi maritime Sumatera barat. Dapat kita petakan dengan penjelasan sebagai berikut :

a. Geographical Position Posisi Geografis

Secara geografis posisi wilayah pesisir Sumatera Barat cukup strategis karena berada berdekatan dengan jalur perdagangan laut yang ramai sejak zaman kolonialisme sampai saat ini yakni Selat Malaka. Pesisir barat Sumatera Barat berada diantara choke point yakni antara Choke Point Selat Malaka, dan Choke Point Selat Sunda dan Selat Lombok. Berada pada dua posisi ini seharusnya menjadi wilayah yang sering disinggahi oleh kapal-kapal perdagangan asing yang akan menuju kawasan timur Samudra Hindia dan Samudra Pasifik. Namun selama ini, rute perdagangan internasional tidak ada atau jarang yang melawai jalur dari Selat Malaka terus menuju Selat Sunda, melainkan lebih memilih melewati Singapura dan pesisir Timur Pulau Sumatera.